UNIVERSITATEA DE VEST "VASILE GOLDIs" ARAD
FACULTATEA DE STIINTE ECONOMICE
THE LANGUAGE OF ECONOMICS
ANUL: I
SEMESTRUL I si II
II. &nb 17217w2211r sp; &nb 17217w2211r sp; &nb 17217w2211r sp; UP AND DOWN .......... ..... ...... .............................10
III. &nb 17217w2211r sp; &nb 17217w2211r sp; ECONOMICS .......... ..... ...... .......... ..... ...... 12
IV. &nb 17217w2211r sp; &nb 17217w2211r sp; MEASURING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY: MAIN INDEXES .......... ..... ...... .......... ..... ...... ........27
V. &nb 17217w2211r sp; &nb 17217w2211r sp; &nb 17217w2211r sp; SENTENCES .................28
THE LANGUAGE OF ECONOMICS -
LIMBAJUL ECONOMIC
I Introducere - Keywords
Acest capitol prezinta vocabularul general precum si definitiile indicator-cheie absolute necesari accesului la informatia economica. El constituie o prima initiere si totodata baza pe care se vor acumula cunostintele mai complexe oferite pe parcursul celor doua semestre ale anului I.
Keywords - Cuvinte - Cheie
Achizite acquisition, purchase
Acord agreement
Actionar shareholder, stockholder
Actiune(bursiera) share,
(
A administra(a conduce a gestiona) to manage, (un cont) to handle
Administrator(conducator) manager
Administratie (conducere) management
Afaceri business trade
Afacere(contract) deal
Agricol agricultural, farm, farming
Agricultor farmer
Alocatie allowance, subsidy
(cu) amanuntul retail ( a vinde cu amanuntul) to retail, to sell
by retail
(vanzator) cu amanuntul retailer
angajat 1.(statut) employee 2.(calificare)clerk
angros wholesale
angrosist wholesaler
antreprenor employer 2.(sens economic general )
entrepreneur, (pentru lucrari etc.) contractor
articol article, item
asigurare 1.(activitate) insurance 2. (societate) insurance company
B
balanta balance
banca 1.(institutie) bank 2.(activitate) banking
bani money, (metal) silver
bani marunti, maruntis small change
beneficiu profit
Atentie benefit= 1)avantaj
2) alocare alocatie subventie bloc (commercial) bloc
buget budget
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bun, bunuri good Atentie, good nu se foloseste la singular decat in sens macro-economic : un mijloc de productie a capital good. In sensul de marfa ,el nu se foloseste decat la plural (goods) , o marfa a commodity |
Stock-market
C
Capital,capitaluri capital
Cadre, personal de conducere executive
Atentie: cuvantul englez capital folosit cu acest sens nu are pl:
a-si procura fonduri to raise capital
A cadea, a scadea, a se reduce to fall, to drop, to decrease
Cadere(scadre) fall, drop, decrease
Cerere demand (cerere si oferta law of demand and
supply
cheltuiala, cheltuieli spending , expense (pozitie bugetara) expenditure
cifra figure
cifra de afaceri turn over
comerciant shopkeeper, trader
client customer (servicii) client
comert trade
competitiv competitive
competitivitate competitiveness
a concedia(a disponibliliza) to lay-off, to dismiss, to make (workers)
redundant
concediere(economica) redundancy lay-off, laying-off
concentare concentration
concurent competitor
concurenta competition
concurential competitive
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Conjunctura = atentie in lb engleza nu exista o traducere unica a acestui termen, folositi the economy sau expresii ca (present) economic trends, the (present) economic situation,the (present) state of the economy, the business outlook ,the economic situation. |
Constructie housing, construction
Constituirea unei intreprinderi business formation
(cererea unei intreprinderi)
consum consumption
a consuma to consume
consummator consumer
cont account
contabilitate accounting
contabil taxpayer
cost cost
cota quota
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Creanta debt[det] Atentie: in lb engleza exista un singur cuvant pt creanta (bani care ne sunt datorati) si datorie (bani pe care ii datoram): dept |
Credit credit
Creditor creditor
A creste to raise, to rise, to increase, to go up
cresterea growth
criza slump, depression, crises(pl crises)
a cumpara to buy, to purchase
cumparare purchase , buy
comparator buyer, purchaser
D
Datorie debt
Debuseu outlet
Deficit deficit
Deflatie deflation
Deflationist deflationary
Depresie(econmica) depression
Dereglementare
(neitreventia statului ineconomie) deregulation
devize currency
director manager
disponibilizare mass-dismissal
distributie distribution
dividend dividend
drept 1.law 2.(vama etc) duty
E
Echilibru balance
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Economic economic Atentie : economical inseamna economic in sensul de economicos, prin care se poate economisi sau rentabil. Economie 1. (stiinta) economics 2. (caracteristici economice ale unei tari sau conjunctura economica) (the) economy ; economia romaneasca: the Romanian economy (nu uitati articolul the!); economiile lumii a treia third-world economies |
economii saving, savings
a economisi to save
econom (persoana care economiseste) saver, small investor
export export
a exporta to export
exportator exporter
exterior foreign, overseas (GB)
F
a fabrica, a produce to manufacture, to make, to
build
fabricant, producator manufacturer, maker, builder
a factura to invoice, to bill, to charge
factura invoice, bill
faliment bankruptcy, failure
financiar (adj.) financial
finantare financing, funding
a finanta to finance, to fund
finante finance
finantist financier
fisc (the) tax authorities;
(GB) the Inland Revenue;
(US) the Internal Revenue Services (IRS)
fiscal tax, fiscal
flux flow
fond, fonduri 1.m.sg. fund 2.m.pl. funds,
capital money
formare 1.(de personal) training
2.(a unei societati etc.) formation, forming,
founding, setting up, creation
a furniza to supply
furnizor supplier
a fuziona to merge
fuziune merger
G
a (se) globaliza to globalize (to go global)
globalizare globalization
greva strike
grevist
I
importator importer
import import
a importa to import
a impoza, a impozita to tax
impozare, impozitare taxation
impozite tax, taxes
indice, indicator index, pl. indexes, indices;
indicator
industrializare industrialization
industrializat industrialized
industrie industry
industrial adj. industrial
industrias industrialist, businessman
inflatie inflation
inflationist inflationary
informatica information technology; computing; computer science; data processing
interior (intern) domestic, home
a investi to invest
investitie investment
investitor investor
împrumut loan
a împrumuta (a lua cu împrumut) to borrow
încetinire slow-down
a înfiinta to set up
întreprindere business, firm, enterprise,
concern
L
liber schimb free-trade
lichiditati cash, liquidities
locuinta housing
lucrator worker, (GB) working man
M
marasm slump, doldrums
marfa commodity, product
marfuri goods, commodities, products
masa monetara money supply
materii prime raw materials
a face sa urce, a face sa creasca
g) a face sa coboare, a face sa scada
DATE GENERALE CU PRIVIRE LA ACTIVITATEA ECONOMICA
Agenti economici economic agents
Agregate economice economic aggregates
Ajustat (corectat) in functie de sezon seasonally adjusted
Ameliorare (imbunatatire) improvement
Anual annual, yearly
Austeritate austerity
Autarhie self-sufficiency
Birocratie red tape, bureaucracy
Bloc comercial trading bloc
Bogatie wealth
Brut gross
Capitalism capitalism
Cadere (scadere) fall, drop
Ciclu cycle
Cifra figure, digit, number
Competitivitate competitiveness
Concurent competitor
Concurenta competition
controlul preturilor price control
costuri salariale labour costs
credit credit
crestere a cereri excess demand
crestere a productivitatii productivity gain
crestere zero zero growth
disponibilizare dismissal
disponibilizare (economica) lay-of, redundancies
deficit deficit
economii savings
economii ale menajelor household savings
econom (persoana care economisteste) saver, investor
emisiune monetara money issuing
excedent surplus
export export
flexibilitate elasticity, flexibility
import import
impozit asupra consumului consumer tax
impozit asupra plusvalorii capital gains tax
impozit asupra venitulu societatilor corporate income tax
sindicat trade union, labour union (US)
societate (comerciala) company, firm, corporation (US)
societate mixta joint venture
sucursala branch
sef, patron, director, boss, owner, manager, employer
angajator
somaj unemployment
somer unemployed
uzina factory, plant
4. PRODUCTS, MARKETS AND FINANCE PRODUSE, PIEŢE sI FINANŢE
actiune share, stock (US)
angrosist wholesaler
aparate casnice household appliances, white goods
articol item, article
banca bank
bunuri goods
bunuri de folosinta durable goods, durables
îndelungata
bunuri de marfuri commodity exchange, commodity market
bursa de valori stock exchange, stock market
capital, capitaluri capital
casa de economii savings bank
client (servicii) client
client customer
client permanent patron
clientela clientele
comerciant shopkeeper, tradesman, dealer, merchant
comerciant cu amanuntul retail dealer, retailer
comert commerce, trade
comert en detail retail trade
(cu amanuntul)
comert en gros wholesale trade
conducator, director, manager
manager
consumator consumer
creanta debt
creditor creditor
cumparare purchase
cumparator purchaser, buyer
datorie debt
debitor debtor
devize currency
distribuitor distributor
distributie distribution
distributie în masa mass retail, mass distribution
exportator exporter
fabricant manufacturer
febra cumparaturilor spending spree
finantist financier
fiscalitate, sistem fiscal taxation, tax system
importator importer
intermediar middleman, intermediary
investitie investment
investitor investor
împrumut loan
îndatorare debt, indebtness
marfa commodity
marfuri, bunuri goods, merchandise, wares
marfuri de larg consum mass consumption goods
marfuri de prima necessitate staple goods, staples
marfuri de uz casnic household goods
mijloace de productie capital goods
obligatiune bond, debenture
oportunitate (pe o piata) niche
piata market
piete financiare financial markets
plasament (investitie investment
mobiliara)
politica fiscala fiscal policy, taxation policy
politica vamala tariff policy
producator producer, manufacturer
productia interna domestic output, national production
nationala
productie output, production
productie în vrac in bulk production, output
produs (industrial) product
produs agricol produce
produs de lux luxury goods
produs finit finished product
produs semi-finit semi-finished product
produse alimentare produce, foodstuffs
produse lactate dairy produce
produse perisabile perishable goods, perishables
protectia consumatorilor consumerism
rata de schimb exchange rate
rata dobânzii interest rate
renta revenue
reprezentant representative, agent
servicii services
subcontractare subcontracting
subcontractor subcontractor
taxa vamala customs duty
titlu (de valoare) security
troc barter
unitate de productie production unit
valoare (bursiera) security
vama customs
vânzator, -oare, salesman, -woman; seller
agent de vânzare
vânzare sale
5. MAIN VERBS VERBELE PRINCIPALE
a cadea to drop
a câstiga (bani) to make, to earn
a cheltui to spend
a comercializa to market
a concedia to dismiss
a conduce to run, to operate, to lead, to manage
a consuma to consume
a creste to increase, to rise, to grow
a creste (puternic) to surge, to skyrocket
a cuceri (o piata) to grab, to seize, to corner
a cumpara to buy, to purchase
a da faliment to go bankrupt
a dezvolta to develop, to expand
a disponibiliza to lay off, to make redundant
(din ratiuni economice)
a economisi to save, to spare
a exploata (o to operate
întreprindere)
a exporta to export
a fabrica to manufacture
a face afaceri cu to do business with
a face o afacere cu to make a deal with
a gestiona (a administra) to manage, to handle
a importa to import
a investi to invest
a încheia (un contract, to sign, to close, to clinch
o afacere)
a înfiinta to set up
a lansa to launch
a se mari to increase, to rise
a muta to relocate
a opri inflatia, somajul to curb, to stern the tide of, to check
a patrunde (pe o piata etc.) to penetrate, to break into, to tap
a produce to produce
a realiza un profit to make a profit
a reduce to reduce, to cut, to lower
a reduce (puternic) to slash
a reforma to reform
a relansa to spur, to boost, to revive, to prime
a scadea to decrease, to fall
a scadea, a se prabusi to plummet, to collapse
(preturi)
a stapâni, a controla to control
(costurile, cheltuielile)
a subcontracta to subcontract, to contract out
a sustine to sustain
a trata cu, a se to deal with
confrunta cu
a vinde to sell
6. A COUNTRY'S NATIONAL ECONOMY ECONOMIA NAŢIONALĂ A UNEI ŢĂRI
sectorul primar primary sector
sectorul secundar secondary sector
sectorul tertiar tertiary sector
1. AGRICULTURA FARMING
a) productia agricola agricultural production
bere beer
cacao cocoa
cafea coffee
cartof potato
ceai tea
cereale cereals
citrice citrus
grâu wheat (US), corn (GB)
oleaginoase oilseeds
orez rice
porumb maize (GB), corn (US)
tutun tobacco
vita-de-vie vine
zahar sugar
b ) zootehnia (cresterea cattle-raising, cattle-breeding, cattle
animalelor) rearing
bovine cattle
ovine the ovine race
pasari poultry
porcine swine, pigs
c ) piscicultura (pescuitul) fishing industry (the)
flota comerciala merchant fleet
piscicultura aqua farming
port pescaresc fishing harbor
d ) industria forestiera forest industry (the)
padure, lemn wood
2. INDUSTRIA ENERGETICA POWER INDUSTRY (THE)
carbune (huila, lignit) coal (coal, beown coal)
energia nucleara the nuclear energy, nuclear power
gaze naturale natural gas
hidroelectricitate hydroelectricity
petrol oil (US), petroleum (GB)
surse de energie alternativa solara, alternative sources of energy (sun,
eoliana etc.) wind, etc.)
3.METALURGIA GREA HEAVY METALLURGICAL
INDUSTRY (THE)
(siderurgie, minerale) ( iron and steel industry, ore)
aluminiu aluminum (US), aluminium
bauxita bauxite
cobalt cobalt
crom chromium
cupru copper
fier iron
fosfati phosphates
mangan manganese
nichel nickel
otel steel
plumb lead
staniu tin
zinc zinc
4. INDUSTRIA MINIERA MINING INDUSTRY (THE)
argint silver
aur gold
diamante diamond
5. INDUSTRIA TEXTILA TEXTILE INDUSTRY (THE)
bumbac cotton
fibre artificiale artificial fibres
fibre sintetice synthetic fibres
in linen
iuta jute
lana wool
matase silk
6. ALTE RAMURI DE PRODUCTIE OTHER PRODUCTIONS
ciment cement
cauciuc rubber
mase plastice plastics
7. INDUSTRIILE PRELUCRATOARE PROCESSING INDUSTRIES
industria aeronautica si aerospace industry (the)
spatiala
industria aparatelor de cale rail, railway, railroad industry (the)
industria automobilelor car industry (the)
industria navala shipbuilding (the)
8.TRANSPORTURI TRANSPORT, TRANSPORTATION
transportul aerian air transport(ation)
transportul feroviar rail transport(ation)
transportul maritim sea transport(ation)
transportul rutier road transport(ation)
transportul terestru ground transport(ation)
9. DIVERSE MISCELLANEOUS
alimentatie food diet
analfabetism iliteracy
timp liber leisure
sanatate health
scolarizare schooling
rata dotarii equipment rate
turism tourism
7.INDUSTRIES AND SECTORS INDUSTRII SI SECTOARE
industria agro-alimentara agro-business (the)
industria alimentara food industry (the)
industia chimica chemical industry (the)
industria de armament arms industry (the)
industria de constructii building industry,building trade
(the)
industria de telecomunicatii telecommunications industry (the)
industiile de varf leading industries (the)
industria farmaceutica pharmaceutical industry (the)
industria grea/usoara heavy/light industry (the)
industria informatica computer industry (the)
industria petrochimica petrochemical industry (the)
industria producatoare clothing industry (the)
de confectii
industria produselor de lux luxury goods industry (the)
industria spectacolului show business, entertainment
industry (the)
industria de inalta tehnologie high tech industry (the)
8.MISCELLANEOUS DIVERSE
audiovizualul audio-visual industry (the)
averea imobiliara real estate
editurile publishing industry (the)
industria producatoare de imbracaminte (productie in serie) ready-to-wear industry (the)
locuinte housing
mass-media media(the)
robotica robotics
sectorul asigurarilor insurance industry(the)
sectorul bancar banking industry(the)
telematica telematics
9. Vocabular suplimentar Additional vocabulary
baraj dam
bazin field
centrala (energetica) power plant
companie aeriana airline company
extractie de minereuri mining
foraj drilling, boring
furnal blast furnace
linie de montaj assembly line
masina-unealta machine tool
mina mine
otelarie steel mill
piese de schimb spare parts
rafinarie refinery
ssantier naval shipyard
transportator, caraus carrier, haulier
zacamint deposit
IV. Measuring economic activity : main indexes - Evaluarea activitatii economice: principalii indicatori
Gross National Product (GNP) Produsul national brut (PNB)
The total final value of goods and services produced in a national economy over one year.
The Growth Rate (rata de crestere) of an economy is the increase in its GNP from one year to another.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) produsul intern brut (PIB)
The index measures the value of goods and services produced on the national territory over a year.
Balance of trade, trade balance balanta comerciala
The difference over a period of time (generally a year) between the value of a country's imports and exports of merchandise. The balance is said to be favourable (US favorable) when it shows a surplus of exports, in which case it shows a deficit. An unfavourable balance is referred to as a trade gap.
Balance of payments balanta de plati
A system for the recording of a country's total transactions with the rest of the world during a given period of time (usually a year).
Consumer Price Index (CPI) indicele preturilor (bunurilor) de consum.
A measure of change in consumers prices, determined by a monthly survey.
Also known as Cost-of-Living Index.
Household consumption consumul casnic (al menajelor);
Industrial consumption indicele productiei industriale;
A monthly statistics on the total output of factories and mines.
Unemployment figures (US Jobless Rate) numarul soemerilor/rata somajului.
The proportion of the labour (
Exchange rate rata de schimb.
The prices at which a country's currency can be converted into another's.
Other indexes and yardsticks alti indicatori si instrumente de masura;
Consumer demand nivelul consumului, cererea consumatorilor;
Purchasing power puterea de cumparare;
Standard of living nivelul de trai;
Population growth cresterea demografica;
Birth rate rata natalitatii;
Death rate rata mortalitatii;
Life expectancy/expectation speranta de viata.
V. SENTENCES
32. The question is: how to retain prosperity curbing/checking inflation.
33. Seasonally adjusted unemployment figures tend to suggest that business start-ups have not been so/as numerous as expected.
34. Businessmen have been loath to use the credit already available.
35. With interest rates falling, hot money will flow to other areas/regions.
36. Confidence cannot be restored overnight.
37. The business slowdown is causing serious concern in government circles.
38. The Gross National Product (GNP) has increased (by) 5.25%.
39. The Xmas (i.e. Christmas - n.red.) buying spree should not be mistaken for a genuine recovery.
40. Production is down 4.5% on last year
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