REGIUNEA AFROTROPICALA

REGIUNEA AFROTROPICALA

The Afrotropic is one of the Earth's eight ecozones It includes Africa south of the Sahara Desert , the southern and eastern fringes of the Arabian Peninsula , the island of Madagascar , southern Iran and extreme southwestern Pakistan, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean Acesta regiune     include Africa de la sud de desertul Sahara, partea de sud si de est din Peninsula Arabica, insula Madagascar, Iran, Pakistan, sudul si extremul de sud-vest, si insulele din vestul Oceanului Indian. It was formerly known as the Ethiopian Zone or Ethiopian Region .

subregiuni

Most of the Afrotropic, with the exception of Africa's southern tip, has a tropical climate. Cele mai multe dintre subregiunile Afrotropicale, cu exceptia Africii de sud (Regiunea Capului), are un climat tropical. A broad belt of deserts, including the Atlantic and Sahara deserts of northern Africa and the Arabian Desert of the Arabian Peninsula, separate the Afrotropic from the Palearctic ecozone, which includes northern Africa and temperate Eurasia O centura larga de deserturi, inclusiv Oceanul Atlantic si desert Sahara din Africa de nord si Desertul arab din Peninsula Arabica, separa regiunea Afrotropicala de la eregiunea Palearctica, care include nordul Africii si Eurasia temperata.

Sahel si Sudan

South of the Sahara, two belts of tropical grassland and savanna run east and west across the continent, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Ethiopian Highlands La sud de Sahara, doua centuri de pasune tropicale si savana se intind la est si vest, pe continent, de la Oceanul Atlantic pina la Etiopia. Immediately south of the Sahara lies the Sahel belt, a transitional zone of semi-arid short grassland and Acacia savanna. Imediat la sud de Sahara se afla centura Sahel, o zona de tranzitie de pasuni     semi-aride si savanna de Acacia. Rainfall increases further south in the Sudanian Savanna , also known simply as the Sudan , a belt of taller grasslands and savannas. Precipitatiile cresc mai la sud, în Savanna Sudanian,. InThe Sudanian Savanna is home to two great flooded grasslands , the Sudd wetland in the Sudan , and the Niger Inland Delta in Mali Savanna Sudaniana se gasesc doua pasuni mari inundate, zonelor umede dinSudul Sudanului, si savanele interioare Deltei Nigerului, în Mali. The forest-savanna mosaic is a transitional zone between the grasslands and the belt of tropical moist broadleaf forests near the equator. Padure-mozaic-- savana este o zona de tranzitie între pajisti si centura din padurile tropicale umede de foioase aproape de Ecuator.

Subregiunea Arabia de sud

zona de Padure

Pajisti est-africane si savannas

Capul floristica regiune

The Cape floristic region , at Africa's southern tip, is a Mediterranean climate region that is home to a significant number of endemic taxa, as well as to plant families like the proteas ( Proteaceae ) that are also found in the Australasia ecozone Regiunea Capul floristice, de la vârful Africii de sud, este o regiune cu clima mediteraneana, in care locuiesc un numar semnificativ de taxoni endemici, precum si pentru familiile de plante, cum ar fi (Proteaceae) care sunt, de asemenea, gasite în regiunea Australiana.

Madagascar si insulele din Oceanul Indian

Madagascar and neighboring islands form a distinctive sub-region of the ecozone, with numerous endemic taxa like the lemurs Madagascar si insulele vecine formaeaza distinctiv o sub-regiune a regiunii Afrotropicale, cu numerosi taxoni endemici cum ar fi lemurii. Madagascar and the Seychelles are old pieces of the ancient supercontinent of Gondwana , and broke away from Africa millions of years ago.

Madagascar si Seychelles sunt piese vechi din supercontinent Gondwana, si s-au despartit de la Africa de milioane de ani în urma. Other Indian ocean islands, like the Comoros and Mascarene Islands , are volcanic islands that formed more recently. Alte insule din Oceanul Indian, la fel ca Comore si Insulele Mascarene, sunt insule vulcanice, care s-au format mai recent. Madagascar contains several important biospheres, as its Biodiversity and ratio of endemicism is extremely high. Madagascar contine mai multe biospheres de importanta, dupa cum raportul dintre Biodiversitate sa     si endemicism, este extrem de ridicat.

Madagascar dry deciduous forestsPlante

In The Afrotropic ecozone is home to a number of endemic plant families. Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands are home to ten endemic families of flowering plants; eight are endemic to Madagascar ( Asteropeiaceae Didymelaceae Didiereaceae Kaliphoraceae Melanophyllaceae Physenaceae Sarcolaenaceae , and Sphaerosepalaceae ), one to Seychelles Mesdusagynaceae ) and one to the Mascarene Islands Psiloxylaceae Regiunea Afrotropicala se intilnesc un sir de familii de plante endemice. Madagascar si Insulele Oceanului Indian sunt gazdele, la zece familii de plante endemice; opt sunt endemice în Madagascar (Asteropeiaceae, Didymelaceae, Didiereaceae, Kaliphoraceae, Melanophyllaceae, Physenaceae, Sarcolaenaceae, si Sphaerosepalaceae), o familie pentru insula Seychelles (Mesdusagynaceae), precum si una la Insulele Mascarene (Psiloxylaceae). Twelve plant families are endemic or nearly endemic to South Africa (including Curtisiaceae Heteropyxidaceae Penaeaceae Psiloxylaceae and Rhynchocalycaceae ) of which five are endemic to the Cape floristic province (including Grubbiaceae Doisprezece familii de plante sunt endemice sau aproape endemice în

Africa de Sud (inclusiv Curtisiaceae, Heteropyxidaceae, Penaeaceae, Psiloxylaceae si Rhynchocalycaceae), dintre care cinci sunt endemice pentru provincia Capul floristic (inclusiv Grubbiaceae). Other endemic Afrotropic families include Barbeyaceae Montiniaceae Myrothamnaceae and Oliniaceae Alte familii endemice Afrotropicale includ Barbeyaceae, Montiniaceae, Myrothamnaceae si Oliniaceae.