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The equipment, data and prices stated here refer to the model range offered for sale in Germany. We reserve the right to make changes. Errors and omissions excepted.
The new Audi A8 is about to make its entrance: with its compelling handling, pioneering technology and exclusive design and equipment, this saloon redefines the notion of sports appeal in the luxury segment.
The new Audi A8 combines technical characteristics that set it clearly apart from its class competitors. As the brand's flagship model, it uncompromisingly demonstrates the identity of the next generation of Audi models and embodies Audi's claim of "Vorsprung durch Technik": sporting character and clear design, innovative technology and superlative quality.
There were four priority areas in the development of the new Audi A8:
design, lightweight construction, dynamism and electronics. Four areas that are linked by a single idea: the idea of ease. In other words, ease in the sense of design harmony, ease of acceleration, the ease with which it can be handled - the driver of an A8 does not have the impression of handling a large saloon car - and, finally, ease of operation.
Its design gives visual expression to the unique character of the new A8. Expansive, strikingly arched surfaces are bordered by precisely plotted lines. The silhouette of flat front and short body overhangs, plus the highly contoured rear end, provides a clear indication of its dynamic potential.
Two powerful, spontaneous V8 engines, a 4.2 litre version with an output of 246 kW (335 bhp) and a 3.7 litre version developing 206 kW (280 bhp), will be available at the market launch in autumn 2002. One new feature in the A8 is the 6-speed automatic transmission with tiptronic function, which constantly assures an optimum transition between the various speed stages.
As an option, it is also possible to change gear via shift paddles mounted on the steering wheel; the ergonomic advantages of this concept have already been demonstrated on Audi's Le Mans champion model, the R8. The driver can also change gear when cornering, without having to take his hands off the steering wheel.
In conjunction with the low weight of the aluminium body built using the Audi Space Frame (ASF) principle, the engine and transmission turn in an excellent performance coupled with exemplary economy.
quattro permanent four-wheel drive remains unequalled in the luxury segment. It translates engine performance into superbly effective propulsion and lateral support.
The air suspension for the new A8's aluminium running gear is a unique standard feature, providing an optimum characteristic in every driving situation:
By means of the continuously variable damper settings, the adaptive air suspension reduces body movements, while optimising roadholding and ride comfort.
The driver can choose between four predefined settings, for a suspension characteristic ranging from overtly sporty to ultra-comfortable.
The A8 is the ultimate driver's car not simply by virtue of its outstanding driving characteristics. In the luxurious interior, the driver will find an entirely new, pioneering approach to interacting with the vehicle's technology and its communication systems, in the guise of the Multi Media Interface (MMI).
Ingenious ergonomics and an intrinsically logical and therefore self-evident operating concept make this car uniquely easy to operate, allowing the driver to concentrate on the traffic - and on the uncommon pleasure of being behind the wheel of the new A8.
Its predecessor, of which over 105,000 were built, was likewise unquestionably a car meant for drivers: when it was first launched in 1994, the A8 was the first production saloon to have an aluminium body and it came to epitomise a new way of doing things in the luxury class. The low weight of the Audi Space Frame ASF brought a significant gain in operating dynamics, while reversing the upward spiral of body weight. At the same time, Audi set a new benchmark for dynamic handling in the luxury car class thanks to its quattro drive.
Such characteristics and such a success story set a very high standard for its successor. The latter nevertheless sets out with the clear objective of building on its predecessor's strengths and doing things even better in the areas in which that model excelled.
Powerful, dynamic exterior design and overtly driver-oriented interior design, with a flair that combines sport with luxury
At launch, two high-performance V8 engines:
4.2 quattro: power output: 246 kW (335 bhp) at 6500 rpm. Torque: 430 Nm at 3500 rpm. Top speed: 250 km/h. Acceleration from 0-100 km/h: 6.3 seconds
3.7 quattro: power output: 206 kW (280 bhp) at 6000 rpm. Torque: 360 Nm at 3750 rpm. Top speed: 250 km/h. Acceleration from 0-100 km/h: 7.3 seconds
6-speed tiptronic with Dynamic Shift Program and Sport program
quattro permanent four-wheel drive
Aluminium running gear with 4-link front suspension and trapezoidal-link rear suspension
Adaptive air suspension with continuously variable damper settings. Choice of four modes for individual spring/damper characteristics produce optimum operating dynamics and maximum comfort
As an option: adaptive air suspension - sport, a sports suspension system again with four regulating modes, for drivers with sporting ambitions
New high-performance brake system with electromechanical parking brake
Automatic tyre pressure monitoring system
Newly developed ASF-type aluminium body now offering 60 percent better rigidity
Optimised safety technology with two-stage airbag activation for the drive and front passenger and the Audi SIDEGUARD head-level airbag system - as standard. New: active head restraints at the front
Adaptive light, an innovative form of lighting technology with cornering light
Adaptive cruise control radar-assisted distance control
Integrated MMI Multi Media Interface operating concept with intuitively comprehensible, consistent operating logic
Advanced key access and authorisation system
One-touch memory driver-oriented personalisation
Audi is moving into the fast lane in the exclusive car class: with the new A8, the brand with the four-ring badge is unveiling a new sporting dimension in the luxury segment. A vehicle whose dynamic potential and trendsetting technology pave the way for an automotive experience that sets a new benchmark even in this competitive field of superlative calibre.
Powerful V8 engines, the new 6-speed tiptronic and the low weight of the aluminium body result in superior road performance. The new Audi A8 has air suspension with aluminium running-gear components as standard, for an optimum configuration in every driving situation: by means of the continuously variable damper settings the adaptive air suspension reduces body movements, while optimising roadholding and ride comfort. Together with quattro permanent four-wheel drive, the A8 thus offers dynamic qualities that are entirely in keeping with its sporty character.
The A8 is the ultimate driver's car not simply by virtue of its outstanding dynamic behaviour. In the luxurious interior, the driver will find an entirely new approach to interacting with the vehicle's systems, in the guise of the Multi Media Interface (MMI). Ingenious ergonomics and a logical, intuitively understandable operating concept reduce the driver's wo 212j92c rkload and allow him to devote maximum attention to what matters - the business of driving, which of course includes savouring the uncommon pleasure of being behind the wheel of an A8.
As the flagship of the Audi brand, the new A8 unconditionally embodies the identity of the future Audi generation: the driving experience is characterised by consistent athleticism and clear design, innovative technological systems and the highest standard of quality. All these characteristics embody Audi's proverbial philosophy of "Vorsprung durch Technik" - or advancement through technology.
The design
The exterior
Even at a glance, the flowing outlines of the new A8 make the overall character of this 5.05-metre long, 1.89-metre wide and 1.44-metre high saloon perfectly clear. It is a harmonious blend of clarity, sports appeal, agility and elegance.
The flat front end with strikingly short overhang, a high, imposing tail end and the pronounced wedge shape of the new A8 lend it an overtly dynamic architecture. When viewed from a distance, the car's crouched silhouette and shoulder line rising sharply to the rear convey an impression of extreme compactness. Only on approaching the vehicle does the body reveal the necessary dimensions to qualify as a prestigious saloon.
As is typical of an Audi, the design of the new A8 depends crucially on the rejection of all superfluous design elements. Expansive, arching surfaces are bordered by clear lines in a tantalising formal interplay.
Viewed from the front, the A8 combines evolutionary versions of typical Audi elements such as the broad double grille with entirely new, distinctive features. The marked tapering of the transition between the radiator grille and the side sections consequently reflect the characteristic dynamism of the new saloon. And the clear-glass covers on the flat, broad headlights mean that the tubular light units are visible, consciously transforming these technical components into design elements.
Viewed side-on, the fact that the car's centre of gravity is placed well back from the middle appears to urge the vehicle forwards even when stationary. Meanwhile the trapezoidal geometry of the vehicle's bulk when viewed from the rear accentuates the low visual focal point. The Audi A8's contours thus seem to hug the road surface, another reflection of its sports car connotations.
This effect is further reinforced by the high position of the rear light units. Taking the form of broad bands, they moreover connect the side section with the rear end. Their covers again conceal new technical features: the rear lights are fitted with responsive, high-luminosity LED units.
Interior
The interior of the new A8 is also visibly and palpably characterised by sportiness, elegance and sensuality. The interior has a flair that stems from its meticulous design, superlative-quality materials and perfect craftsmanship.
The Audi A8 is a driver's car - a fact that is apparent even from a mere glance at its interior. It is characterised by the driving area's neat, driver-oriented overall design. The central architectural features are the high centre console - reminiscent of a sports car - incorporating the MMI terminal, with its retractable display in the instrument panel.
A clear join separates the centre console from the instrument panel: this is a clear indication of the departure from the classic cockpit look with a vast expanse of control and display elements scattered all over the place.
The actual control centre of the new A8, comprising the MMI terminal and the controls for the air conditioning, is situated around the gear lever. All control elements are clearly identifiable and easy to reach. During operation the driver can keep his arm on the ergonomically redefined armrest.
Thanks to MMI and the lack of a conventional handbrake lever, the design of both the centre console and the instrument panel is kept neat and expansive. The dynamic profile and the instrument panel's emphasis on horizontal lines also convey a very immediate impression of physical lightness.
The smooth transition between the instrument panel and the top shoulder is another feature that is typical of Audi. This line, structured by a two-section trim insert, continues as far as the rear compartment, creating a new sense of spaciousness. Depending on the choice of materials, the interior can be given a touch of sportiness or a tastefully elegant direction.
Another equally unmistakable sign of change in the Audi A8 is the new generation of multifunctional steering wheels. There is a 4-spoke multifunctional leather steering wheel as standard, together with the optional version of a sporty 3-spoke design, again trimmed in leather.
Both steering wheels have touch keys and menu roller controls by means of which the driver conducts the dialogue with the communication systems. The keys and rollers are a particularly convenient way of operating the audio system and the telephone, for example, without having to take a hand off the steering wheel.
As an option, the steering wheel can also be equipped with shift paddles for operation of the tiptronic - an operating principle that has already proven its worth in the three-times Le Mans winner, the Audi R8. The driver can change gear when cornering, without having to take his hands off the steering wheel.
The instrument panel, with large circular tubular-look instruments and a central, high-resolution LED display, is visible through the steering wheel. Its flat hood appears to be a natural extension of the engine lid, establishing a unity between the lines of the interior and exterior.
There are three new versions of seat available, developed specifically for the A8, to match the various specifications and thus ensure a harmonious interior appearance. To permit this, for the first time Audi's Design Department supervised the seat development process from the very outset.
The electrically adjustable standard seats with active head restraints combine perfect long-distance comfort with good lateral support and maximum safety. Qualities from which the rear occupants likewise benefit.
In addition to the basic version, sport and comfort versions are available as options, with electric seat depth and upper backrest adjustment. This latter feature makes it possible to angle the top two thirds of the backrest, to make it easier to rest the shoulders against it.
Another new feature is the seat depth adjustment which dispenses with the otherwise inevitable gap between the seat surface and thigh support. The seat foam and upholstery are both drawn out as the rails move forward, creating the impression that the seat is getting longer.
An electrically adjustable lumbar support and a seat memory function for the driver and front passenger are in addition available for all seat versions.
Made-to-measure interior lighting
The A8's interior lighting can be dimmed steplessly as part of the optional interior lighting package with ambience lighting. The driver now has the option of calling up lighting constellations with individually adjustable brightness that are tailored to specific situations - such as urban roads or unlit motorways - via the MMI.
This strategy makes it easier for the eye to adapt to contrasting light conditions inside and outside the car. Operating reliability is also increased thanks to the fact the switches can be found better and more quickly in all areas. The interior's design and its high-quality materials can moreover consciously be appreciated after dark, without this impairing driving safety through any glare or reflections in the windows.
In addition to the inside lights at roof level, there are light sources in the door trim panels and footwell. For this purpose Audi has used so-called electroluminescent films in the door trims for the first time. These not only occupy a minimum of space, they are also noted for their absolutely homogeneous light distribution.
The colour of the lighting is coordinated so that, in combination with the symbol illumination and the instrument cluster, a harmonious overall impression is produced. This by no means follows physiological principles only, it is also in keeping with aesthetic requirements: the night design of the new Audi A8 also identifies it as a trendsetting representative of the luxury segment.
Climate control
There are two versions of climate control system to choose from for the new Audi A8: the optimised automatic air conditioning with separate controls for either side of the car, sun sensor and moisture management, and a new automatic air conditioning system with four-zone control. The latter version enables rear passengers to adjust their desired temperature and air distribution via a separate operating unit at the rear.
The standard automatic air conditioning already affords a superb standard of comfort and convenience. Compared with the predecessor model, Audi's developers have further improved both the system's acoustics and the draught-free configuration. There are two additional air outlets integrated into the instrument panel, through which the necessary amount of air is distributed without a noticeable level of air movement for passengers. The ventilation for the rear passengers is from vents in the B-post, in the rear section of the centre console and in the rear footwell.
A newly developed moisture sensing principle reduces the risk of misted-over windows in the A8. The air conditioning system regulates the evaporator's desiccating performance on the basis of data from the temperature and moisture sensor, in conjunction with an infrared-beam sensor, which determines the temperature of the windscreen by contactless means.
The comfort and convenience provided by the automatic air conditioning can be enhanced by an optional solar sunroof. Even when the ignition is turned off, this provides enough energy to keep the interior supplied with fresh air via the blower.
The frequently used air conditioning system is equipped with an independent control panel located in a separate module in the centre console to enable particularly quick operation. This module above the gear lever can be used to control all relevant basic functions of the system - temperature, air distribution, blower.
The controls are designed in accordance with the same, simple concept as the MMI terminal. The driver does not have to switch to a different mode of thinking and can follow the same rules that otherwise apply intuitively, especially as the air conditioning function being operated is displayed at the same time in the large-format MMI display.
Automatic boot lid
The 500 litre luggage compartment of the new Audi A8 also offers a particularly convenient feature as an option - the automatic boot lid. On pressing a button, a gas spring-assisted electric drive opens the luggage compartment smoothly in just a few seconds. When the closing process is initiated, the lid is lowered just as gently and the lock is engaged.
The luggage compartment can be opened via one of three signal transmitters: at the appropriate button on the radio-operated remote control, at the separate release button in the driver's door or at the soft touch button in the strip handle on the rear lid itself. For safety reasons, automatic closing of the rear lid can only be started from the boot lid button on the inside of the lid.
However, even if fitted with automatic assistance, the luggage compartment lid can also be closed manually, without having to apply any considerable force.
To avoid injury caused by becoming trapped in the lid accidentally, the boot lid drive is shut down automatically once a certain force threshold is reached.
The aluminium body
The innovative aluminium body, based on a further developed version of the Audi Space Frame ASF, provides the high-strength basis for the excellent performance and handling of the new Audi A8.
Compared with the previous A8 generation, the number of body components in particular has been significantly reduced by using more functional large castings and extruded sections. The new A8 in addition has a fully enclosed space frame. The most important result of this approach is that the static torsional rigidity, a critical measure of both vibrational comfort and dynamic potential, is around 60 percent higher than on the predecessor model.
The new A8 has the lightest bodyshell in the entire D segment, into the bargain - its weight is around 50 percent lower than that of an equivalent steel body. The new A8 3.7 quattro consequently weighs only 1,770 kilograms. An advantage that is doubly valuable in the luxury segment, benefiting both dynamic behaviour and operating economy.
Audi Space Frame ASF - minimum mass, maximum stability
Since the first generation of the Audi A8 made its first appearance in 1994, the principle of aluminium body construction has established itself as the synonym for a responsible form of mobility in the luxury car class. The significant reduction in body weight called for the consistent implementation of a revolutionary new approach: the Audi Space Frame ASF. This is a high-strength aluminium frame structure into which the large aluminium panels are integrated, thus assuming a supporting function.
The actual space frame consists of a combination of aluminium extruded sections and castings that are positively connected to each other. This results in a combination of minimum mass and maximum stability. As far as the new A8 is concerned this adds up to high rigidity despite a body structure weight of just 215 kilograms - the best figure in the luxury class.
With the evolution of the intelligent ASF concept Audi has proved once again that generously dimensioned and luxuriously equipped saloons in the premium class do not have to be heavier than cars at the top end of the mid-size class.
The development goals for the new A8 were extremely ambitious: without neglecting the maxim of lightweight construction - so the specifications read - the body had to offer increased comfort and satisfy much higher safety requirements.
For this reason new casting techniques and new alloys were used. Multifunctional large castings, long continuous profiles and a high proportion of straight extruded sections help to reduce the number of parts quite considerably. The proportion of large castings, for example, has increased from 22 to 34 percent of structural weight compared with the predecessor. Instead of 50 castings, there are now just 29 components in the new ASF structure.
The improves comfort considerably because a lower number of connections between components makes it possible to achieve higher body rigidity. At the same time the fact that there are fewer components has a positive effect on production processes and quality.
The connections are formed by riveting as well as various welding techniques including MIG and laser welding and, for the first time, the particularly efficient laser-hybrid welding process. Laser welding allows large-area panels to be connected to the body structure particularly efficiently owing to the fact that the resulting linear joins achieve superior strength and rigidity values to punctual ones. The body of the new Audi A8 includes a total of 20 metres of laser connecting seams.
The body structure
The central component of the front end is the large cast radiator tank that connects the two A-posts. The radiator tank consisted of seven individual parts on the previous A8. The advantage of this new construction technique is a weight reduction from 5.5 to just 3 kilograms.
The A-post itself also consists of two large cast shell halves that enclose the sill and the continuous roof frame, thus connecting them. These two extruded sections, together with the tunnel structure, also form the basis for the body's torsional rigidity.
The front longitudinal members have a two-piece, bolted design to facilitate repairs after a frontal cash.
The rear end of the A8 is a completely new development. This is due to the fact that the air suspension and stricter laws on safety in a rear-end crash call for a much more rigid construction. A large casting connects the longitudinal member with the sill and also supports the entire rear subframe. Its high rigidity also protects the fuel tank effectively in a rear-end collision.
The forward and rear structures are joined together by the roof frame, the sill, the seat cross-members, the B-post and the floor panels to form a continuous space frame. The B-post is another large multifunctional casting that, as well as serving as the mount for the door hinges and strikers, has to satisfy certain requirements in its role as the central component in a side collision. This component is also elementary for the excellent vibrational comfort of the A8 body: the quality of its join to the roof frame and sill plays a major part in ensuring the rigidity of the entire frame.
The side panel of the new A8 consists of a single section which extends from the A-post to the rear end of the body. Like the roof, the side panel is also laser-welded to the supporting structure.
Top of the class for dynamics and vibrational comfort
Apart from torsional rigidity, it is the natural frequency of torsion that determines the quality of a body. This parameter determines the vibrational comfort and the dynamics of a vehicle: the higher the natural frequency, the lower the amplitude - in other words, noticeable vibrations. Once again the new Audi A8 has made a quantum leap compared with its already outstanding predecessor: its natural frequency of torsion is no less than 38 percent higher.
This can be described quite literally as noticeable progress in all driving situations and speed ranges.
Hardly any idle vibrations or oscillations produced by the wheels now penetrate through to the steering wheel, for example. This is made possible by the systematic matching of steering wheel, steering column, module cross-member and connections to the body. The result is a high steering-wheel natural frequency that sets standards in the luxury class and at the same time provides the basis for the low vibration amplitude.
Another example is that of the dashboard. A new development goal resulted in the integration of the MMI display into this area so that it is easy to read at all times. Vibrations with a high amplitude are consequently extremely undesirable. The display is integrated into the dashboard so rigidly that all high-frequency vibrations that might make the information difficult to read are prevented.
Rigid structures for improved safety
The new ASF meets all current safety standards as well as plenty that have not yet come into force. This means that its crash strength is considerably better than that of its already very safe predecessor.
A progressive stiffness distribution in the front of the car ensures good structural behaviour in a front crash. This makes it possible to convert the maximum amount of energy along defined paths in the course of the impact. At the same time the integrity of the occupant cell is preserved as this is the only way - in conjunction with the restraint systems - to guarantee survival space.
The bumper cross-member of the new A8 is designed as an extruded section and can therefore absorb a large amount of energy. Together with the longitudinal member that is next in sequence, it can cope with the consequences of more minor accidents without causing damage to the remaining load-bearing structure.
The two-piece A-posts also help to protect the occupants in a frontal crash. Because they enclose the sills and roof frame, they ensure, together with the longitudinal members, that forces are transmitted effectively into the structure. Ribbing further increases the rigidity of the component. The roof frame, sills and floor are hardly deformed at all. A particularly large survival area is guaranteed; the doors are also made easier to open. Large castings in the footwell and in the region of the dashboard also ensure effective protection against intrusions.
The ASF structure also provides extremely effective protection against the consequences of a side collision. The rigid diecast B-post and the extruded sections integrated into the side of the roof frame, embedded in the one-piece side-panel frame, together form the basis for the structure's high stability.
The door structures are additionally reinforced by impact members consisting of highly rigid aluminium extrusions. Transverse extrusions in the floor, which serve as mountings for the seats, and the seat itself reinforced with cross-bracing ensure that survival space is preserved in the event of a pole impact.
The new Audi A8 already meets the requirements of the US directive FMVSS 301, which is expected to come into force in 2005. It thus guarantees protection against the consequences of a rear-end impact against a deformable barrier at 80 km/h. The fuel system and occupant cell are protected by a rigid structure of longitudinal and cross members which absorbs a large amount of energy by folding and buckling.
Safety in the interior
In addition to its high structural safety, the new A8 of course represents the benchmark for restraint systems and crash sensor technology: all components and their functions are precisely matched and together complete the saloon's outstanding safety standard.
For instance, the front occupants are now protected by newly developed front airbags with two-stage activation. Their concept is based on the objective of "as much protection as possible and as little force as necessary". The stages are applied adaptively depending on the severity of the accident. In other words, the necessary airbag stage is now released by a load-dependent release logic.
The driver is protected by an innovative ring-type full-size airbag, which is being used for the first time worldwide in the new A8. Its radial unfolding pattern means that it is also very effective at protecting drivers who are for instance sitting very close to the steering wheel.
The protective effect of the front airbags is supplemented by additional padding under the steering column and in the footwell. Crash-optimised pedals and the safety steering column increase the safety of the driver in the event of sudden forward displacement.
The safety equipment naturally also includes seat-integrated side airbags to protect the thorax and pelvis for all outer seats, as well as the Audi sideguard head-level airbag system which covers almost the entire side window area between the A and D-posts. Sideguard protects passengers not only in the event of direct side and post impacts, but also in oblique and secondary collisions.
A complex system of sensors is responsible for triggering the airbags. This uses sensors on the front of the vehicle under the headlights and on the B and C-posts to detect an accident. The system's logic means that the restraint systems can be triggered at an extremely early stage so that the loads to which the occupants are subjected are kept to a minimum.
In addition to triggering the restraint systems, the crash sensors initiate a series of other steps depending on how serious the accident is: they activate the hazard warning lights, shut down the engine and fuel pumps, release the central locking and switch on the interior lighting.
At the same time, the sensors are able to assess minor accidents accurately to prevent the restraint systems from being activated unnecessarily.
Active head restraints are another new feature at Audi. They incorporate a mechanical system which effectively reduces the risk of whiplash injuries by pivoting the head restraints forward in a fraction of a second in the event of a rear-end collision. The mechanical system is triggered by pressure on the lumbar support's plate. The head restraint unit is moved forwards by means of a lever mechanism, thus reducing the gap between it and the occupant's head.
Aerodynamics and aeroacoustics
The aerodynamics experts have also performed sterling work on the A8 body. The drag coefficient of only 0.27 is eight percent lower than that of the predecessor model and represents a new record in the luxury saloon segment. The A8 is also top of the class in terms of lift at the rear axle: on no other luxury saloon is this parameter, which affects dynamic handling and directional stability, so low.
These excellent figures are the result of numerous measures: for instance, the new A8 has a full aerodynamic underbody, which drastically reduces turbulence beneath the vehicle's body. Equally important: an improved high-performance cooling system with all-round sealing reduces inner air resistance. The lowering of the vehicle's ride height via the air suspension also plays a part - this reduces drag significantly at high speeds.
However, high speeds also make conditions more difficult with regard to aeroacoustics. Irritating wind noise though is certainly not acceptable in a luxury saloon of the calibre of the new A8. In order to achieve this goal, the Audi aeroacoustics engineers had to put together a comprehensive package of detailed solutions.
Seals flush with the outer panels, on the doors and on the joint gap of the door mirror, prevent high-frequency disturbing noises from occurring in the first place.
On the doors and windows of the new Audi A8 there are in principle three sealing lines to insulate the interior as effectively as possible.
Panes of glass five millimetres thick were chosen for the cabin windows. These provide outstanding acoustic insulation even as single-layer glass.
The windscreen wiper has also been carefully optimised: thanks to a special control device it can be moved into a particularly low rest position when not in use so that it does not produce any wind noise.
Even in action, the wiper on the A8 is also noted for its particularly low wind noise. This is made possible by the new flat wiper technology which ensures a lower noise level and a more pleasant frequency characteristic than a conventional wiper, without any adverse effect on performance, even at high speed.
This wiper technology - a first in the luxury class - benefits above all from the ingenious guiding of the air around the wiper arm and the wiper blade with integral spoiler. The wiper arm is noted for its particularly high rigidity and thus produces additional downforce on the wiper blade.
The Audi wind tunnel centre opened in 1999 made a major contribution towards these effective aerodynamics and aeroacoustics measures. Here, wind speeds in the region of 300 km/h can be realised; at the same time the process of ground simulation produces results that are far more realistic than in conventional wind tunnels. Wheels and tyres contribute around 25 percent to the vehicle's overall drag coefficient and must therefore be given due attention.
The development of a fully faired underbody such as on the new Audi A8 would not have been possible without realistic ground simulation: thanks to the detailed test and evaluation series, the exhaust system and rear axle could be integrated so cleverly that the underbody has better aerodynamics than a completely smooth underbody panel with the same area.
Running gear
A car with active driving functions that, in addition to the kind of ride comfort typically found in the luxury segment, sets new standards of driving dynamics and handling, plus a level of active safety that improves even further on the excellent standard already reached by the previous model - these were key development targets for the running gear of the new Audi A8.
The new A8 has an aluminium chassis with four-link front suspension and self-tracking trapezoidal-link rear suspension - both concepts that were already responsible for its predecessor's characteristic agility and high steering precision. The Audi suspension engineers have now developed its strengths with a specific goal in mind. The brakes and steering system with variable ratio and servotronic are a new design.
The adaptive air suspension - a 4-corner air suspension system with continuous damping control - is the first air suspension concept to enter the luxury class that resolves the classic conflict of aims between good handling and a level of ride comfort befitting a vehicle of this class. At the same time the lowering of the suspension at high speeds enhances the aerodynamic characteristics of the new Audi A8 and therefore also improves its economy.
The front suspension
The four-link front axle on the new A8 has been moved forward by 65 millimetres compared with the previous model, paving the way for a much more favourable axle load distribution with corresponding advantages in terms of handling.
Weight-optimised components help to reduce unsprung masses. In the case of the subframe, for example, a new material made it possible to use sheet-metal shells with a greatly reduced wall thickness. This resulted in a 20 percent reduction in weight in this area alone.
The entire kinematics and elastokinematics have also been redefined, for maximum dynamic behaviour and comfort.
The rear suspension
The trapezoidal-link rear suspension has also been advanced in terms of kinematics. A reduced bump toe-in across the entire spring travel enhances directional stability, steering precision and handling convenience. At the same time the comfort potential of this axle design on the new Audi A8 can be exploited even more effectively thanks to the air suspension system.
Lightweight materials were used specifically in the development of the axle components. As a result, the weight-saving for certain components is up to 40 percent compared with comparable steel constructions.
The steering
The A8 has rack-and-pinion steering with variable ratio and speed-dependent power assistance, servotronic, as standard equipment.
The variable ratio means above all an improvement in steering stability at high speeds without comfort having to be compromised at low speeds.
The advanced servotronic, a standard feature, enables the driver to manoeuvre into parking spaces with a minimum of steering effort and maximum accuracy, and also provides a clear response from the road at higher speeds. The system also offers a high level of sensitivity around the straight-ahead position and even more comfortable initial response behaviour.
The steering kinematics have been optimised in such a way that despite the longer wheelbase and driven front wheels, the car's turning circle is no larger than that of comparable saloon cars with rear-wheel drive.
The steering wheel in the new Audi A8 can be electrically adjusted vertically by 30 millimetres and axially by 50 millimetres. Intensive detail work in the area of the steering column and the point at which it is connected to the body makes sure that vibrations at the steering wheel are suppressed almost entirely and are practically no longer noticed by the driver.
Adaptive air suspension with continuously variable damping
Audi has adopted a new, independent approach in the luxury class by giving the new A8 air suspension as standard.
The air suspension's technology has already emphatically demonstrated its potential and versatility at Audi: since summer 2000, the allroad quattro has been fitted as standard with air suspension which combines the dynamism of a sports saloon with the distinctive off-road capability of a genuine off-road vehicle. The version used on the Audi A8 is nevertheless completely new, placing the emphasis clearly on dynamic driving.
The "adaptive air suspension", as this system is know, resolves the classic conflict of objectives between the handling qualities of a sports car and the suspension comfort of a luxury class vehicle.
In addition, the air suspension allows the speed-dependent lowering of the body - this change in ride height means a low centre of gravity and significantly increased directional stability as a result. At motorway speeds the lowering of the body also optimises the car's aerodynamic properties and thus reduces fuel consumption. At low speeds the adaptive air suspension establishes greater ground clearance if the driver so wishes. This is an additional bonus on uneven terrain.
Four different defined ground clearance stages are therefore available for the new Audi A8:
The raised level with a ground clearance of 145 mm
The standard level with a ground clearance of 120 mm
The sport level with a ground clearance of 100 mm
The motorway level with a ground clearance of 95 mm
The components and their functions
This is what the adaptive air suspension, which entirely replaces the conventional steel suspension of the previous A8, consists of:
At all four wheels, the new A8 has air-suspension struts on which there are air-suspension bellows arranged concentrically around the continuously variable twin-tube shock absorbers. The air-suspension bellows consist of a special, multi-layered elastomer material with polyamide cord inserts to increase strength. This layer absorbs the forces produced in the air spring.
The advantage of this design is that the combination of individual layers enables the new A8 to achieve its excellent running characteristics and the sensitive response of the suspension in the event of minor impacts.
The suspension struts are pressurised by an electrically driven compressor in the engine compartment and a 5.8 litre pressure reservoir located at the rear of the vehicle with a maximum pressure of 16 bar. Plastic air lines connect the individual components; electromagnetic valves regulate the air flows.
The data from four sensors on the axles and three acceleration sensors on the body is evaluated in the adaptive air suspension's central control unit. This computer prompts the adjustment of the individual shock absorbers in a matter of milliseconds, based on the driving situation identified, thereby always assuring optimum driving dynamics and ride comfort.
Adaptive air suspension moreover offers the advantages of a traditional self-levelling suspension system. The vehicle's suspension height remains constant irrespective of the load it is carrying. This ensures that the Audi A8 is consistently presented to its best advantage.
Air suspension also has a system-specific quality: the occupants additionally benefit from a constantly agreeable vibrational behaviour, again irrespective of the car's load. This is because extra air is pumped into the springs at high gross weights, and discharged again when the load is removed. The firmness of the springs thus adapts to the load situation at all times.
Body movements effectively eliminated
The air suspension in conjunction with the electronically controlled, continuously adaptive damping system provides perfect driving comfort because the system responds to numerous different sensor signals: the acceleration of the body, the vertical movements of the four wheels and many other parameters too, such as the current steering angle and the position of the accelerator and brake pedals, are used to determine the optimum damping force for every driving situation.
Provided no higher damping forces are required - for instance when driving straight ahead on good roads - the damper settings remain comfortably soft. Specific adjustments to the damping force at individual wheels permanently eliminate body movements which could be detrimental to occupant comfort.
This configuration is beneficial both to occupant comfort and dynamic handling properties. When cornering, braking or moving away, the new Audi A8's adaptive damping automatically reduces rolling or pitching movements.
Dynamic response to order
The adaptive air suspension also allows the A8 driver to influence the suspension characteristic - and thus the operating dynamics - as individually preferred. The damping characteristics and ride height can be adjusted in just a single process via the "Car" menu of the MMI terminal.
The driver can choose between various driving modes.
In the balanced automatic mode, the body is at the standard height when stationary and at medium speed, with 120 millimetres of ground clearance. If the new A8 is driven at more than 120 km/h for over 30 seconds, the body is lowered by 25 millimetres. In the reverse order, the body is raised if the vehicle is driven more slowly than 70 km/h for more than two minutes or as soon as it drops below a speed of 35 km/h.
The dynamic mode lowers the vehicle by 20 millimetres to a ground clearance of 100 millimetres even before it sets off; its centre of gravity is lower and the air suspension operates with firmer springs and a harder damping characteristic. The suspension tuning is particularly agile as a result. Once again the same threshold speeds apply for automatic changes in ride height: if the car is driven faster than 120 km/h for more than 30 seconds, the body is lowered by a further 5 millimetres. And the body is raised again if the vehicle is driven more slowly than 70 km/h for more than two minutes or as soon as it falls below a speed of 35 km/h.
The comfort mode enables the car to glide extra-smoothly over all kinds of surface bumps because the system increases damping forces less frequently at lower speeds. The automatic lowering at motorway speeds is suppressed in order to obtain maximum compression travel.
The lift mode can be activated in the speed range below 80 km/h as required. It raises ground clearance constantly by 25 millimetres and offers the balanced damping characteristics of the automatic mode. It is therefore particularly suitable for driving on uneven terrain. At speeds of above 100 km/h, automatic air suspension automatically cancels the lift mode and restores whichever mode was previously selected.
Two other, less frequently required modes can be activated via a sub-menu of the MMI control system:
In the trailer towing mode, regardless of the mode previously selected, the car body is not lowered further so as to avoid altering the nose weight. This mode is automatically activated when a trailer is hitched to the new A8.
Finally, the jack mode prevents all control processes so that when changing a tyre or wheel, for example, work is not impeded by an automatic change in the vehicle height.
Distinctly dynamic, consistently versatile:
adaptive air suspension - sport
In addition to the standard options, the "adaptive air suspension - sport" sports suspension is available for the A8. The control modes available have the same name as those offered with conventional adaptive air suspension, but have their own characteristics.
Here, the damper and suspension characteristics are noticeably firmer than in the dynamic mode of the A8's standard adaptive air suspension. The vehicle level is always 20 mm lower than the standard suspension.
Like the standard suspension, adaptive air suspension - sport has four driving modes.
In the comfort mode, the shock absorbers are actuated in such a way that damping forces are not increased as often in the lower speed range. This adds up to an impression of comfort that conventional sports suspension could never offer. In order to be able to exploit the full spring travel when driving at high motorway speeds, the body level is not lowered further even above 120 km/h.
In the dynamic mode, the spring and damping rates are higher than in the automatic mode; the vehicle's ride height does not alter. Finally, in the lift mode the body is raised by 25 millimetres and, at the same time, the spring/shock absorber characteristics are adjusted to the same level as in the automatic mode.
Wheels and tyre pressure monitoring system
The 3.7-litre and 4.2-litre versions of the A8 have the elegantly sporty 10-hole 8Jx17" alloy wheels as standard, with size 235/55 R17 tyres. This combination blends excellent handling and comfort properties, and sets new standards of wet adhesion and rolling resistance.
The wheels range includes other wheel versions of sizes up to 8.5Jx19", with 255/50 R19 tyres. These produce even better dynamic stability, coupled with a quality of tyre comfort that befits the luxury class.
The new A8 is equipped with the tire mobility system as standard, comprising an electric compressor and sealant. If the car suffers a puncture, this system enables the driver to reach the nearest service station without needing to change the wheel. The A8 can also be supplied with a full-size spare wheel as a no-cost option.
A permanent tyre pressure monitoring system is also available as an option for the new Audi A8. The system monitors the tyre pressure and temperature of each individual wheel. It informs the driver optically and acoustically via the display in the instrument cluster if there is a loss of pressure and indicates which wheel is affected.
There are two warning stages: a pressure loss of more than 0.2 bar at a wheel triggers a yellow warning lamp. This tells the driver to check their tyre pressure and top up the air to the correct level at the next opportunity. If there is a pressure loss of more than 0.4 bar or in the event of a sudden loss of pressure, the warning appears in red: in this instance the driver should stop as soon as possible and rectify the situation.
A summary of all the momentary inflation pressures and temperatures of all four wheels can now also be called up via the MMI terminal. Correct values appear in green lettering, red values indicate that the pressure should be corrected without delay.
As an option: PAX wheels
This is the first luxury-class vehicle to be available with cast aluminium wheels with run-flat properties, the so-called PAX system. Its design means that the driver can continue for up to 200 kilometres at a maximum speed of 80 km/h even if a tyre is fully deflated. At the same time the PAX wheel guarantees a perfect synthesis of agility and ride comfort and therefore rounds off the A8's typical dynamic performance in perfect style.
Thanks to the run-flat properties of the PAX wheel, the driver can, in the event of a puncture, reach an Audi workshop of his choice instead of having to change the wheel himself or call a breakdown recovery service: a new dimension to mobility that befits the luxury segment.
The flat tyre still offers a high level of residual ride comfort - the driver does not perceive a loss of pressure as a permanent deterioration of running characteristics. However, to make the driver aware of a impending flat tyre or a gradual loss of pressure, the PAX system is only offered in combination with the automatic tyre pressure monitoring system. This means that the driver is kept informed of the condition of all wheels and is in addition reminded of the maximum permitted speed of 80 km/h if one of the tyres suffers a puncture.
The PAX system consists of a special wheel rim, a suitable modified tyre design and the actual emergency-run element, a support ring that sits almost in the middle of the rim and encloses it. This technology makes sure that the tyre remains on the rim even if it is completely deflated.
On a conventional wheel/tyre system, the tyre bead is clamped behind the rim flange. On the PAX system the tyre is inserted into the seat of the rim flange. To make sure that the tyre remains safety in position, a lever action presses the tyre more firmly into its seat if subjected to loads - when cornering for example.
The PAX wheel can be recognised by its original 7-arm design for which both summer and winter tyres are available. The size designation differs from conventional wheels: the wheel used on the A8 has the metric designation "500" which, in purely mathematical terms, is equivalent to a size 18.3 inch wheel. The tyre designation is 245/690 R 500 Y.
With high-performance brake system
The new Audi A8 is fitted with a newly developed high-performance brake system that is fully in keeping with the demands and the character of a sports saloon in the luxury segment. This applies both to deceleration potential as well as to stability and braking comfort.
The brake system on the eight-cylinder versions of the new A8 is much larger than on the predecessor model: aluminium floating-caliper brakes are fitted at the front and rear. With 360 millimetre brake discs at the front and 310 millimetre discs at the rear, the system now also achieves a braking performance in conjunction with 17-inch wheels that was previously reserved for 18-inch systems.
The brake system is supported by the Electronic Stabilisation Program ESP 5.7 with ABS, ASR traction control, Electronic Brake-force Distribution EBD, Electronic Differential Lock EDL and hydraulic brake assist.
Electromechanical parking brake
The electromechanical parking brake is also making its debut on the Audi A8. It brings clear functional benefits as well as performing all the tasks of a conventional handbrake.
The system, operated via a pull/push control on the centre console, automatically ensures the necessary parking brake application force. The operating concept is deliberately based on what most drivers would consider the usual operating principle for conventional systems: a quick pull of the switch applies the brake; if the driver pushes it down - while the brake pedal is depressed - the system is released.
The parking brake's status is indicated by tell-tale lights in the control element and in the instrument cluster.
The system is designed for gradients of up to 30 percent. If this is exceeded, the driver is warned by a text message ("vehicle too steep").
By way of an integral starting assist function, the electromechanical parking brake moreover makes it easier to pull away without jolts or rolling backwards on inclines, without the driver needing to release the brake by hand.
The system calculates the moment and rate at which the parking brake is to be released, on the basis of data such as the transmission position selected, the accelerator pedal position, the engine speed and the angle of inclination. As soon as there is sufficient torque to move the vehicle forwards, the electronics automatically release the parking brake.
It goes without saying that the electromechanical parking brake also has the emergency braking function stipulated by law: above a speed of 8 km/h the driver can stop the vehicle simply by pulling on the switch - if the foot brake system fails, for example. A deceleration rate of 8 m/s2 - which is significantly more than with a conventional handbrake - can then be reached in scarcely more than a second.
A brake-pad monitoring system, which informs the driver in the cockpit of the current status, is combined with the electromechanical parking brake.
There is a further advantage to the electromagnetic parking brake: by eliminating the conventional handbrake lever, it enables the designers to give the centre console a new, neat layout.
Engine and transmission
Even in the early years of car manufacture, eight-cylinder engines were a trademark of progressive technology at Audi. The Horch cars of the 1930s owe their legendary reputation not least to this outstanding engine technology.
In 1988 Audi began producing the modern generation of V8 petrol engines. Together with the Audi Space Frame ASF, the V8 engine formed the technical basis for Audi's breakthrough into the luxury car class.
When the new Audi A8 goes on sale in autumn 2002, there will be a 4.2-litre V8 version developing 246 kW (335 bhp) and a 3.7-litre counterpart with an output of 206 kW (280 bhp). This means an extra 25 bhp (4.2-litre) or 20 bhp (3.7-litre) compared with the same-sized engines in the previous A8.
The torque of these two engines also represents a clear advance on their predecessor versions: 430 (4.2) and 360 Nm (3.7) guarantee superlative acceleration and agile sprinting at all speeds.
The A8 4.2 quattro accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in just 6.3 seconds; the 3.7 quattro needs only one second more. Both V8 engines are capable of a top (governed) speed of 250 km/h.
The gain in sports performance is also suitably reflected by the car's appearance: a glance under the bonnet reveals that these beefy engines have been given a new design. The intake manifold and injector rail, ignition coils and cylinder head covers are no longer hidden underneath a plastic cover: on the new Audi A8, the engine's technology and performance potential are quite literally there for all to see.
Camshaft adjustment and variable intake manifold
Both V8 alloy engines have a five-valve cylinder head with adjustable inlet camshafts and low-friction roller cam followers.
Both V8 engines have one variable camshaft system per bank of cylinders, to vary the valve timing of the inlet camshafts in various engine speed ranges. With the aid of the engine oil pressure, the free length of the timing chain between the inlet and exhaust camshafts is varied by an adjusting piston. This produces a twisting of the inlet camshaft relative to the crankshaft. The range of adjustment is a crank angle of 22 degrees on the 4.2-litre and 13 degrees on the 3.7-litre engine.
The variable camshaft system is controlled by a mapped characteristic and ensures good idle quality, low untreated emissions and an ample torque curve across the entire speed range.
The Audi engine specialists have redesigned the poly V-belt drive which operates a particularly efficient water-cooled alternator. An automatic belt tensioner ensures particularly low-vibration and low-noise running of the poly V-belt.
The 4.2-litre V8 in the new Audi A8 has a two-stage variable intake manifold that has already proved its worth in the S8. Intake manifold lengths of 705 and 285 mm enable ideal intake air resonances and consequently a torque and performance enhancing self-charging effect across a wide speed range.
The short-stroke 3.7-litre engine has a three-stage variable intake manifold that makes use of the required vibrations particular at low revs and therefore guarantees a powerful torque development across the entire speed range.
Lightweight construction using magnesium, aluminium and plastic components reduces engine weight to below 190 kg. Together with their compact outside dimensions - the engine is only 504 mm in length - both V8 units are in this way the ideal choice for the overall concept of the Audi A8.
Not least thanks to the systematic application of lightweight design, the new A8 generation moreover exemplifies a pioneering approach to fuel consumption, for all its dynamic potential. It manages on a very modest 11.7 litres (3.7) or 11.9 litres (4.2) of Super Plus per 100 km (overall fuel consumption according to 1999/100 EC ).
The emission values for both V8 engines are of course well below the limit figures of the EU IV standard. To this end, each bank of cylinders has a close-coupled two-stage catalytic converter which reaches its optimum operating temperature particularly rapidly, even after a cold start.
Fully integrated automatic starting
Fully integrated automatic starting is a new function for both V8 engines. If the engine control unit is authorised to start the engine by the driver authorisation system, it independently takes charge of energising the starter motor.
This means that the driver no longer needs to hold the ignition key turned during the starting process: it suffices to turn it briefly in the lock or, in conjunction with the "advanced key" authorisation system, to press the starter button.
Sporty sound
The dual-branch exhaust system of the two V8 engines in the new Audi A8 is deliberately aimed at a discreet yet decidedly sporty sound that makes the vehicle characteristics a pleasure to listen to as well.
A total of five silencers and fine-tuned vibration decoupling in several areas also makes sure that this sound is never perceived as unpleasant.
New engine mounts with an additional insulating layer prevent structure-borne noise from being transferred to the body. The significantly reinforced engine-transmission unit guarantees drone-free interior noise across the entire engine-speed range. Idle behaviour has also been improved considerably; it is now vibration-free and can practically no longer be heard.
New 6-speed tiptronic
Another new feature at Audi is the new 6-speed tiptronic with Dynamic Shift Program DSP and additional Sport program. Thanks to the extra speed stage, the engine's output and torque are always unleashed with such precision that the conflicting requirements of spontaneous power flow, high performance and perfectly refined running are all achieved.
The additional sixth speed moreover means that the spread between the lowest and highest ratios has been increased by 30 percent - a vital requirement of greater dynamism on the one hand and optimum economy on the other.
The front-axle final drive and transfer case are both integrated into the housing of the new 6-speed automatic transmission. Unlike all predecessors, the output to the front wheels is located in front of the converter.
The hydraulic control unit, the solenoid valves and pressure regulator and the actual electronic control unit are linked directly together and accommodated in the transmission oil sump. This arrangement makes it possible to dispense with a large number of the cable connections otherwise necessary.
Manual and automatic gear changes
Those who prefer automatic gear-changes will greatly appreciate the outstanding benefits of the adaptive electronics. A version of the Dynamic Shift Program DSP specially developed for the 6-speed tiptronic avoids excessively frequent gear changes - despite an additional gear compared with the five-speed predecessor.
The advantages of this are especially noticeable in conjunction with a sporty style of driving. For example, if the selector lever is in the "S" position, the program prevents upshifts if the accelerator is released suddenly. If the lateral acceleration sensor of the ESP then detects that the vehicle is cornering, upshifts remain blocked until the end of the bend is reached. The system thus avoids the drawback familiar from many conventional automatic transmissions, namely of changing up going into a bend followed by a change down coming out of it again.
Gears can also be changed manually, using the selector lever in the tiptronic gate. As a new feature on the A8, drivers also have the option of changing gear using the shift paddles behind the steering wheel: an operating concept that has already proved successful on the triumphant Audi R8 Le Mans racing car. The driver can therefore change gear when cornering, without having to take his hands off the steering wheel.
quattro permanent four-wheel drive
The quattro four-wheel drive system which the A8 3.7 and 4.2 use to transfer engine power to the road remains an utterly unique feature in the luxury class. quattro maintains outstanding traction and lateral support, and minimises the effect of propulsive forces on the car's self-steering properties. This is a vital condition of tremendous cornering speeds and a high level of dynamic stability. In other words, maximum driving fun and active safety.
On the new Audi A8 - with its longitudinally installed engines - a Torsen differential automatically establishes the optimum distribution of power between all four wheels. The name "Torsen" is a contraction of the two terms "torque" and "sensing". The Torsen differential is a self-locking worm gear.
The advantage is that the locking action is only prompted by the driveline. This type of differential accommodates differences in speed when the brakes are applied and when cornering. Normally the power is split 50:50 between the two pairs of wheels, but in extreme cases 75 percent of propulsive power can be diverted to either pair. In the event of more than one wheel encountering considerable slip, the Electronic Differential Lock EDL can even concentrate this power on one wheel.
Innovative lighting technology
The new Audi A8's tubular-look front headlights are not merely a design element, even though their appearance is certainly not a secondary issue. The titanium-coloured base of the light units behind the clear-glass cover makes the reflectors appear light, as if floating. The lack of decorative ridging in the cover glass emphasises the brilliant appearance of the headlights.
The headlights are available in three versions: firstly, as ellipsoidal main headlights and, secondly, with high-luminosity xenon Plus technology. The xenon Plus lights contain an ellipsoidal module with the latest-generation system which uses a moving shutter to produce both the dipped and the main beam.
The xenon Plus lights are combined with the automatic dynamic headlight range control function. This adjusts the angle of the headlights not only in changing load conditions, but also dynamically in response to a change in angle caused by acceleration or braking. This helps the driver considerably and increases safety because it prevents the range of vision from being reduced and oncoming vehicles from being dazzled.
Cornering lights: adaptive light
A new feature at Audi is the third headlight version: the "adaptive light" cornering lights in conjunction with xenon Plus headlights.
Adaptive light is identifiable by the additional lighting tubes installed between the dipped-beam and high-beam headlights. These auxiliary headlights form part of a highly complex system: the central control unit evaluates a number of parameters, such as speed, steering angle and operation of the turn indicators, and activates the additional reflector at speeds of up to 70 km/h and with the dipped beam switched on.
When the car is turning or on a tight bend, this headlight can illuminate areas that were previously in the dark. Other road users and obstructions can thus be identified sooner - a clear safety gain.
The areas additionally illuminated are directly adjacent to the dipped beam and extend to around 90 degrees in relation to the direction of travel. The speed at which the intensity of the light is increased and reduced is regulated so as to make sure that the driver is not distracted by severe changes in brightness.
When reversing, adaptive light automatically activates both cornering lights. This significantly increases the peripheral zone that is visible to the driver around the vehicle's front end, meanwhile heightening the awareness of other road users to the manoeuvring vehicle.
LED lights at the rear and turn indicators
The rear lights, too, have something new to offer: their covers conceal LED diodes for the tail and brake lights and also for the turn indicators. The use of this principle in addition offers greater design freedom because light-emitting diodes achieve brilliant depth while at the same time taking up significantly less space.
They also bring functional advantages: as well as their longer operating life, they are in particular much more responsive. Whereas conventional bulbs take around 200 milliseconds to reach their full brightness, LEDs achieve their full output in less than one millisecond. Drivers following behind will thus recognise much more quickly that the brake lights have come on.
The LED turn indicators provide a more precise contrast and signal pattern, thus attracting attention much more effectively. The front turn indicators on the new A8 incorporate newly developed high-performance bulbs. These are more compact in design and use 25 percent less power. And their operating life is appreciably longer than that of conventional bulbs - in fact, they are designed to outlive the car itself.
The side indicators on the new A8 use LED technology. The car's visual appearance benefits from the fact that while the LEDs light up yellow when switched on, they are neutral in colour when deactivated.
MMI Multi Media Interface
In the guise of the integrated user interface MMI, Audi is offering an infotainment platform and operating concept for the new A8 that are noted for their ease of operation, perfect location and a consistent inherent operating logic.
MMI thus reduces the driver's workload and enables him to concentrate fully on the main task of driving the car safely.
The A8 driver nevertheless does not have to forgo the possibilities offered by modern infotainment and communication systems. On the contrary, MMI actually makes a greater range of functions available and is the ideal basis for incorporating further features in future.
Maintaining diversity, reducing complexity
The combination of mobility and communication has long since been a firmly established feature of modern cars. The car as a place in which many people spend a large part of their time means an increasingly wide range of technical systems which naturally offer a variety of characteristics, and not all pleasant. This is because the range of possibilities often goes hand in hand with a multitude of specific display and operating concepts.
As far as the driver is concerned, this means a constantly growing amount of information to be taken in and equally increasing potential for being distracted while driving. In other words, user "unfriendliness".
To escape from this dilemma, the most important development goals for MMI were therefore to bring together the user interfaces of all relevant systems at a central location and for them all to be based on the same operating principles.
The development of MMI therefore involved a constant dialogue between design, ergonomics and technical departments right from the very start. After all, one thing was clear: as the comprehensive, self-contained control centre aspired for, the system inevitably forms the focal point of the interior.
The objective therefore was not only to integrate MMI harmoniously into the overall ergonomic package, which includes seat and arm position, for example. The development team also wanted to make sure that they avoided implanting an exclusively function-oriented "alien" system in the stylish ambience of a luxury saloon. It was important to them that the system was designed as a integral part of the overall design right from the start.
The geometry of the controls
MMI in the first instance comprises the control panel (MMI terminal) in the centre console with a control button that can be turned and pressed and four control keys grouped around it.
On either side of the terminal - apart from the Return key for exiting the menu level - there are a total of eight function keys with which the user can call up the principal main menus directly.
The terminal's position has been ergonomically optimised to ensure that the controls can be reached comfortably and without obliging the driver to alter his seated posture while driving.
The second central component of the MMI, the MMI display, a 7-inch colour monitor, is positioned above the centre console in the dashboard and therefore at an optimum angle of view for the driver.
The basic structure of the screen representation corresponds in detail to the arrangement of the control keys and button on the MMI terminal, permitting an intuitive association between visual perception and hand movements.
In other words, the driver uses the top left control key to select the function displayed in the top left corner of the screen.
If the MMI display is not active, the monitor can be retracted neatly into the wooden trim insert.
Easy learning process
The driver only needs to remember four basic rules for operating the MMI:
The main functions of the system - entertainment, communication, information and control of vehicle systems - are accessed by the eight permanently assigned function keys.
Within these function menus, the driver activates the required functions by turning/pressing the control button.
The control keys, to which different functions are assigned for each menu, provide access to further functions in the menu. These can be read off in the corners of the display which also vary depending on the menu selected.
The user simply presses the Return key to skip back to the next-higher menu level.
The more frequently a function is used in the car, the higher up the menu structure it is placed, thus making it quicker and easier to access.
The information shown on the central display in the instrument cluster is limited to driver-relevant functions such as on-board computer, navigation and cruise control. In addition, frequently used infotainment functions - radio station selection or volume control, for example - are offered via this graphics capable display. These functions can be selected at the buttons and menu roller controls on the multifunction steering wheels.
Communication, comfort and convenience electronics
The electronics architecture
The field of electronics has long since advanced into automotive technology. This applies in particular to the luxury segment where driver expectations regarding communication, comfort and convenience systems naturally play a very important role.
The new A8 therefore offers numerous innovative technologies in this area, some of which are available for the very first time in an Audi. These include, to name just a few examples, the advanced key access and authorisation system, one-touch memory personalisation and the radar-assisted distance control system known as adaptive cruise control.
However, the Audi development engineers have by no means integrated innovations into the vehicle at a functional level only. Numerous new elements have also been introduced behind the scenes, in the vehicle's electrical system. In view of a dramatic increase in the range of functions available, it was also important to guarantee operational reliability and efficient energy management.
Networking played a decisive role here. Five main bus systems connect all electronic components on board the new A8. The entire driveline - including engine, transmission and brake control units - is networked via a high-speed CAN bus. The infotainment components such as MMI, sound and navigation systems communicate via a further high-speed bus based on MOST technology. The comfort and convenience components, from door controls to air conditioning, are also networked with each other.
An independent "gateway" control unit acts as an interface between the bus systems. This connects the drive, comfort/convenience and infotainment networks hence making a control centre like the MMI possible in the first place.
The Audi development engineers also relied on new technologies for the vehicle's wiring systems. New bus systems - such as the optical MOST technology - have been used; these include plastic-based optical fibres and foil wiring which is particularly space-efficient.
Battery energy management
The new Audi A8 for the first time has a no-load energy management system that independently ensures that there is always enough energy to start the engine, based on the battery charge status and the temperature. It even ensures this if the vehicle is left unused for a lengthy period.
Modern vehicles are constantly tapping the battery's energy even when they are not in operation. For instance, the traffic report memory, alarm system and radio remote control's receiver all constantly consume a minor amount of current.
This is particularly the case on luxury-class vehicles, which have a particularly high number of electrically powered comfort, convenience and information systems. If the A8's battery charge threatens to become critical, the energy management system reduces current consumption in the no-load status by consumers gradually shutting down.
The dynamic energy management system permanently monitors the level of battery charge and the charging activity while the car is being driven. If necessary, the system for instance marginally increases the idle speed, in order to boost the alternator's charging performance. In extreme cases, the dynamic energy management system temporarily shuts down very high-consumption components such as the seat or rear-window heating. During normal vehicle operation, however, this interruption is so brief that the driver does not even notice.
Navigation system with DVD
A fully digital navigation system based on the optical MOST systems has been introduced in the Audi A8 - for the first time ever in a production car.
A new storage medium has also been introduced for the navigation system: a DVD has more than ten times the storage capacity of conventional CD ROMs and a significantly faster read access time.
Almost the entire road network of Western Europe can now be stored on a single data carrier, overcoming the inconvenience of having to change the CD when the driver crosses a national border.
A further advantage is that the navigation system calculates the route much more swiftly than on CD-based systems. This is particularly noticeable during map loading and when using the zoom function. This allows a flowing zooming in and out and enables the map to be moved in all four directions.
In addition, many more special navigation destinations can be stored on a DVD; these make it easy to find your destination swiftly even if you do not happen to know the name of the road.
Destinations and route options are entered in the conventional way via a menu in the MMI. As an alternative, the navigation system can also be operated using voice control.
The map and the visual description of the route appear on the large MMI display, whereas the corresponding directions can be read off as pictograms in the Driver Information System's display. The map display corresponds to a normal road map: as well as the name of the road the A8 is currently driving along, it also shows the names of the roads and towns in the vicinity.
Advanced key access and authorisation system
Drivers of the new A8 now only need to reach for their car key from time to time: "advanced key" is the name of an optional system that acts as an electronic access and authorisation system.
The key - which can remain in the driver's pocket - incorporates an electronic pulse generator whose signal is registered and checked by a proximity sensor in the door. If the signal is accepted, the doors are unlocked as soon as the driver operates the button on the door handle.
The central locking can be activated and deactivated at any door of the vehicle. All the driver has to do is carry the key on his or her person within a range of about 1.5 metres from the car and to actuate the door handle. The passenger can also be the first to open the door. It is possible to select via MMI whether the central locking should only release the manually actuated doors or unlock all of them.
The advanced key system also means that the steering is released and the ignition turned on electronically and wirelessly before the start of a journey. Provided the driver has the key on his or her person while inside the car, the steering is released by pressing the starter button. At the same time the ignition is activated and the electronic immobiliser released. Then the engine can be started at the starter switch on the centre console. For safety reasons, the selector lever must be in the position "P" or "N" and the driver must actuate the foot brake.
The engine can of course also be started in the conventional way by turning the key in the ignition lock.
When leaving a vehicle equipped with advanced key, it merely suffices to press a small button on the outside handle on the driver's door in order to lock all doors. Once again there is a dialogue between the key and the in-vehicle sensor: it is therefore impossible to lock the doors accidentally.
This system is not only convenient, it also benefits security. The mechanical ignition lock previously used has been replaced by an electronic version. The key identification process with advanced key is fully electronic and consequently enables they key to be clearly assigned to the right vehicle.
Driver-oriented personalisation: one-touch memory
It is not uncommon for luxury-class vehicles to be used as business cars, by a succession of different drivers. Audi is unveiling a new comfort and convenience aspect for this target group on the new A8: a wide range of functions and settings can be matched up to a specific driver and activated automatically once they have been automatically identified.
The new system which goes by the name of "one-touch memory" simply uses the driver's fingerprint on the starter button of the advanced key authorisation system to identify who is driving the car.
The sensor pad, which is only the size of a postage stamp, consists of 65,000 electrodes that scan in the fingerprint. The system produces a digitised grey-scale image based on the differences in distance between the skin and sensor surface. In just fractions of a second the system then assesses the quality of the image and decides whether it is sufficient to identify the driver.
Once the system has positively matched the fingerprint recorded with stored prints, an array of processes are initiated: the seats, mirrors and steering column are adjusted in line with the pre-selected configuration, as are the air conditioning system's temperature and air distribution settings. One-touch memory can also activate infotainment settings such as the radio volume, preferred radio station and tone settings.
Up to four different people can benefit from the convenience of the system, and store their preferences via MMI inputs. The system also provides a personal address book for each user, with space for up to 100 entries.
Thanks to one-touch memory, the driver is saved the trouble of having to learn the kind of PIN codes that are designed to make keyless personalisation possible elsewhere. At the same time, fingerprint-assisted identification makes it impossible for drivers to be confused with each other and therefore allows the use of individual settings if car keys are swapped over, for example.
Radar-assisted distance control: adaptive cruise control
An intelligent "travelling companion" is available as an option on the new Audi A8: adaptive cruise control, a radar-assisted distance control system. This system builds on the functionalities of the standard cruise control system and appreciably enhances driving convenience by automatically regulating the vehicle's speed to maintain a specified distance from the vehicle in front.
This noticeably reduces the driver's workload particularly during long journeys on country roads or when driving in heavy nose-to-tail traffic on the motorway.
The system's sensor is accommodated out of sight behind the trim grille on the cooling air inlet. While the car is on the move, it emits radar signals that determine how far ahead the next vehicle is. A computer then establishes whether that distance is increasing or decreasing based on the change compared with the previous measurement, and adjusts the car's own speed correspondingly by manipulating the accelerator or the brakes.
The Audi development engineers have deliberately limited the intensity of possible acceleration and that of brake intervention and very definitely designed the distance control as a convenience system.
Adaptive cruise control is designed so that when approaching another vehicle that is travelling at a completely different speed, the driver himself has to react consciously and in accordance with the situation in hand.
Adaptive cruise control can be called up via a steering column stalk, with four different programs available:
In the ultra-dynamic program Distance 1, tiptronic may automatically shift down one or two gears if necessary, to accelerate the car swiftly.
The Distance 2 and Distance 3 programs are particularly suitable for moving along smoothly with the flow of traffic on busy roads.
Distance 4, on the other hand, is for keeping a considerable distance from the vehicle in front and for gentle acceleration - ideal for relaxed driving on fast country roads.
The driver can select the basic adaptive cruise control configuration at the MMI, where he decides which program is to be called up automatically each time the system is activated after starting the engine.
When equipped with adaptive cruise control, the A8's driving area has a large five-inch central display in the instrument cluster, displaying the selected program by means of symbols. A warning symbol, supported by an acoustic signal, is in addition flashed up here if the distance from the vehicle in front is becoming critical and the driver actively needs to apply the brakes.
The speed range used by the system is between 30 and 200 km/h.
Equipment
Exemplary standard specification
There is no doubt that the exceptional quality of the new Audi A8's standard equipment, as well as its sheer diversity, redefines the standard in the luxury class.
With its ASF-type aluminium body, aluminium running gear, adaptive air suspension, quattro permanent four-wheel drive and 17" wheels on the V8 versions, Audi's new flagship model is undeniably positioned as the most sporty saloon in the exclusive car class.
The A8's steering has speed-dependent and now also steer angle-dependent servotronic. The steering effort required thus varies according to road speed and steering-wheel angle.
The new 6-speed tiptronic, the new leather multifunction steering wheel with 4-spoke design and the optimised deluxe automatic air conditioning with moisture sensor and sun sensor provide maximum comfort and convenience. The rear lid with power-assisted closing and the cruise control system likewise enhance these qualities.
But that is not all. Pioneering technologies such as the MMI Multi Media Interface, battery energy management, the electromechanical parking brake with starting assist function and LED technology in the rear lights and side turn indicators are the best possible proof of Audi's proverbial "Vorsprung durch Technik", exemplifying a competitive edge that extends right up to the luxury segment.
The same can justifiably be said of the passive safety equipment. The two-stage driver's and front passenger's airbags, with ring-type airbag on the driver's side, provide very effective protection against the consequences of a frontal collision. In the event of lateral impact, airbags in the seat backs and the sideguard head-level airbag system afford maximum safety for the occupants on the outer seats.
Upfront sensors and crash sensors in the B and C-posts ensure that the restraint systems are triggered off efficiently. The new active head restraints in the front seats effectively reduce the risk of whiplash injuries in the event of a rear-end collision.
Active safety is enhanced by the latest version of the Electronic Stabilisation Program ESP with hydraulic brake assist. The high-performance brake system with 17-inch disc brakes ensures safe and effective deceleration.
Buyers of the A8 have a total of 14 body colours to choose from.
The character of the interior is shaped by the two-section inlay running all the way round, in Brown Walnut and Matt Palladium. Numerous different combinations are available for the seats and trims, for nuances covering the entire spectrum from black to a light beige hue.
The striking use of aluminium highlights the dynamic character of the new Audi A8 at numerous points in the driving area, such as the MMI terminal and the transmission gate, the surround on the instrument cluster's tubular rings and the bridge of the standard-fit multifunction steering wheel.
The standard front seats of the new A8 are electrically adjustable. The generously dimensioned centre armrests at the front and rear provide comfortable support.
The standard radio system is a welcome source of audio enjoyment and up-to-the-minute information. 4-way aerial diversity and a total of eight loudspeakers plus subwoofer guarantee outstanding reception and sound quality for all occupants. An equipment-specific equaliser takes account of the different interior acoustics produced in combination with cloth or leather upholstery.
Thanks to its integration into the MMI operation concept, operating convenience has reached new heights. At the press of a button a list of all stations that can be picked up in the region appears and is constantly updated by the tuner.
Important optional extras
Particularly in the luxury car class, individuality is one of the most important criteria when a person chooses their new car. The new Audi A8 offers almost unlimited scope for the buyer to customise its design, equipment and technical features.
In the case of a vehicle whose dynamic qualities are its principal characteristic, sports components and technical systems are of course top of the list.
Even more sporty attributes as an option
In recognition of the affinity of many A8 drivers for systematic sports appeal, Audi offers the option of adaptive air suspension - sport. This sports suspension permits a level of driving dynamics that represents a new dimension in the segment of luxury-class saloons.
The 18 and 19-inch wheels are attractive to look at and optimise road behaviour. The new A8 is the first Audi to be available with wheels with run-flat tyres (PAX system); even when entirely deflated, these tyres remain securely on the rim and afford a hitherto unprecedented level of operating reliability in an emergency.
The optional tyre pressure monitoring system keeps the driver constantly informed of the status of the tyres, and prevents a loss of tyre pressure from going unnoticed.
The radar-controlled adaptive cruise control represents a major advance on conventional cruise control systems. The intelligent convenience system constantly monitors the distance between the car and the preceding vehicle, and adapts the car's own speed accordingly by manipulating the accelerator and brakes. This makes the driver's task decisively easier.
The adaptive light cornering lights, which Audi is unveiling for the A8, noticeably broaden the driver's field of view. Depending on the road speed, steering angle and turn indicator signal, the system activates an auxiliary headlight that enlarges the illuminated area sideways - a clear safety gain.
Individuality in the interior
The interior can be given a highly exclusive note with one of the two available leather grades or the Alcantara/leather specification: Valcona leather or natural leather represent the benchmark in this field for their quality and craftsmanship. If the extended leather package is ordered as an option, the armrests in the doors and the centre console are also trimmed in these pleasant smelling hides.
The interior can be given a further distinctive flavour with Amber Vavona wood or Beige or Grey Birch. An extended aluminium package, with numerous trims around the centre console and instrument panel, accentuates the sporting flair of the A8's driving area.
There are 3-spoke leather-covered multifunction sports steering wheels in addition to the standard 4-spoke multifunction steering wheel with leather rim. Additional functions, such as the shift paddles mounted on the steering wheel and a heating function, can be ordered as add-on modules.
The optional comfort seats enhance long-distance comfort and sports seats provide extra lateral support. Both have additional scope for electrical adjustment: the upper backrest and thigh support are individually adjustable.
With its several predefined lighting profiles, the interior lighting package with ambient lighting illuminates the interior to suit each particular situation. In addition, the ambient lighting provides a new level of harmony with the interior design as a whole.
The four-zone deluxe automatic air conditioning allows temperature and air distribution to be adjusted separately for all four seats.
Communication and comfort
The range of infotainment options is equally broad: the audio system with optional CD player or changer, perfectly matched acoustically to the interior of the new A8, transforms the Audi flagship model into a mobile auditorium.
The entirely reconfigured BOSE Surround Sound system affords a very special quality of audio enjoyment: five amplifier channels distribute the sound around the listener as in a concert hall - an audio experience that sets new standards even in the luxury car class.
The BOSE system in addition includes electronic compensation of the vehicle's specific acoustic backdrop.
Like the audio system, the navigation system with DVD can be operated via the MMI terminal. With the larger storage capacity of the data carrier and the significantly broader range of functions, the Audi system is of a calibre that befits the car it is designed for.
The new A8 is the first car worldwide to be available with a hands-free car phone with cordless receiver. Bluetooth technology has not merely paved the way for cordless communication between the handset and the built-in base station. It also permits the exchange of other data, such as address books stored in the set. All important telephone functions can be activated both via the receiver and via the MMI terminal.
The voice control system for a great many infotainment functions enhances the ergonomic convenience of MMI even further.
Advanced key permits the driver to open the new A8 without having to take hold of the key. A signal transmitter in the key releases the central locking when the vehicle is approached and allows the engine to be started at the push of the starter button as soon as the key is inside the car.
The one-touch memory personalisation system allows up to four drivers to specify individual presets for a wide range of functions and settings, and to have them activated spontaneously once they themselves have been automatically identified. The system identifies each driver by his or her fingerprint, which is scanned by a sensor pad on the advanced key system's starter button.
An array of processes are initiated once the system has positively matched the fingerprint up to a stored print: the seats, mirrors and steering column are adjusted in line with the preselected configuration, as are the air conditioning system's temperature and air distribution settings. Driver-specific infotainment settings too can be activated by means of the one-touch memory.
The market for luxury saloons
The new Audi A8 is entering an extremely demanding market segment containing competitors of superlative calibre, both technologically and in other respects - especially from Germany.
Almost half of all luxury saloons sold worldwide are produced by just three German manufacturers.
As things stand at the moment, a total of around 230,000 vehicles enter the luxury-saloon market each year. Around 70 percent of these cars are sold outside Central Europe, the majority of them in North America.
The luxury-saloon market has generally remained constant for many years as far as volume is concerned. The level of demand is affected much less by economic fluctuations than by attractive new arrivals on the market.
The A8, built from 1994 to 2002, has firmly established the Audi name in this segment. Its most important product features, the aluminium body based on the ASF principle, quattro permanent four-wheel drive and its particularly dynamic character, have helped to set it apart in a segment that was for some time noted above all for its conservative values.
However, a transformation has since become apparent that goes hand in hand not least with a change in the potential customer groups. The group of luxury-saloon buyers has become significantly more heterogeneous than was the case a few years ago. The percentage of 40-50 year olds in particular has increased at an above-average rate.
A lowering of the average age, however, is not the only significant factor for the change in demands on the luxury segment. Emotional factors now also influence the customer's decision to buy much more than before:
A sense of aesthetics reflected in the trend towards modern, uncomplicated design
Dynamism and ambition as an expression of character and personal style
Luxury less an indication of financial means than a sphere that appeals to the senses
Status orientation that makes the customer decide confidently in favour of new symbols
Against this background, one thing is clear: the new Audi A8 can, on the one hand, depend on a broad base of loyal drivers whose positive expectations derive from their equally positive experiences with the predecessor.
At the same time, the change in values outlined and the different target group has produced potential for winning over new customers that should not be underestimated. The decidedly sporty character of the new Audi A8 provides the ideal basis for setting it apart positively from the key competitors - a characteristic that applies for virtually all potential markets.
Compared with the predecessor, an expected increase in volume of to 50 percent throughout the entire life cycle is certainly realistic. An increase in sales of between 10 and 50 percent can be expected in Europe, while the possible increase in overseas markets may clearly reach triple figures.
Germany is expected to account for over 35 percent of sales, while the other European markets will contribute more than 20 percent. Around one third of A8 production will be exported to the USA, the largest single market after Germany.
Technical Data - Audi A8 3.7 quattro
Programme for Germany - Status: July 2002
|
Model |
Audi A8 3.7 quattro |
|
|||||
|
Engine / electrics |
|
||||||
|
Type of engine |
V8 spark-ignition engine, three-stage variable intake manifold, DOHC |
|
|||||
|
Valve gear / number of valves per cylinder |
Camshaft adjustment, roller cam followers with hydraulic adjustment / 5 |
|
|||||
|
Displacement in cc / bore x stroke in mm / compression |
3697 / 84.5 x 82.4 / 11.0 |
|
|||||
|
Max. power output in kW (bhp) / at rpm |
|
||||||
|
Max. torque in Nm / at rpm |
|
||||||
|
Engine management |
Motronic ME 7.1.1; fully electronic sequential injection, coordinated torque control, hot-film air-mass measurement, drive-by-wire throttle control, mapped ignition with solid-state high-voltage distribution, cylinder-selective knock control using two sensors, adaptive lambda control |
|
|||||
|
Exhaust emission control |
Air-gap insulated exhaust manifold, two 3-way stepped catalytic converters close to the engine, four heated oxygen sensors |
|
|||||
|
Emission category |
EU 4 |
|
|||||
|
Alternator in A / battery in A/Ah |
|
||||||
|
Drive / transmission | |||||||
|
Type of drive |
Permanent all-wheel drive with Torsen centre differential |
|
|||||
|
Clutch |
Hydraulically
operated torque converter with |
|
|||||
|
Gearbox type |
6-speed tiptronic with DSP and additional sport program |
|
|||||
|
Gear ratio in 1st gear / 2nd gear |
|
||||||
|
Gear ratio in 3rd gear / 4th gear |
|
||||||
|
Gear ratio in 5th gear / 6th gear |
|
||||||
|
Final drive ratio / reverse gear |
|
||||||
|
Running gear / steering / brakes | |||||||
|
Front suspension |
Four-link front suspension, double upper and lower wishbones, anti-roll bar, air suspension |
|
|||||
|
Rear suspension |
Self-tracking trapezoidal-link axle with wishbone, anti-roll bar, air suspension |
|
|||||
|
Steering / turning circle in m (D102) |
Maintenance-free rack-and-pinion steering with speed-dependent power assistance and variable ratio / approx. |
|
|||||
|
Brake system, front/rear |
Diagonally split dual-circuit brake system with ESP/ABS/EBD, brake servo, hydraulic brake assist, disc brakes, front and rear: ventilated discs; front: double-piston callipers; electro-mechanical parking brake |
|
|||||
|
Wheels / tyres |
Cast aluminium wheels, 10-hole styling; 8Jx17 / 235/55 R17 99 Y |
|
|||||
|
Performance / consumption / acoustics | |||||||
|
Maximum speed in mph |
|
||||||
|
Acceleration 0-50 / 0-62mph in sec |
|
||||||
|
Fuel grade |
Super Plus or Euro-Super unleaded, 98/95 RON |
|
|||||
|
Fuel consumption: urban/extra urban/overall, mpg |
|
||||||
|
CO2 mass emission, g/ km |
|
||||||
|
Standing / drive-past exterior noise level in dB (A) |
|
||||||
|
Servicing / warranty | |||||||
|
Long-life service after a maximum of ... miles |
Up to 19,000 or 2 years, according to AVS indicator 1) |
|
|||||
|
Vehicle / paint / rust penetration warranty |
3 years or 60,000 miles / 3 years / 12 years |
|
|||||
|
Insurance classification in Germany |
Data was not available at the time of printing |
|
|||||
|
Weights / loads | |||||||
|
Unladen weight in kg / gross weight limit in kg |
|
||||||
|
Axle load limit at front / rear in kg |
|
||||||
|
Trailer load limit, unbraked in kg |
|
||||||
|
Trailer load limit on 8% / 12% gradient, braked in kg |
|
||||||
|
Roof load limit in kg / permissible nose weight in kg |
|
||||||
|
Capacities | |||||||
|
Cooling system capacity (incl. heating) in l |
|
||||||
|
Engine oil capacity (incl. filter) in l |
|
||||||
|
Fuel tank capacity in l |
|
||||||
|
Body / dimensions | |||||||
|
Body type / number of doors / seats |
Aluminium: Audi Space Frame ASF / 4 / 5 |
|
|||||
|
Drag coefficient cD / frontal area A in m2 |
|
||||||
|
Length (L103) / width excl. mirrors (W103) / height (H100), mm |
|
||||||
|
Wheelbase (L101) / track at front/rear (W101/W102), mm |
|
||||||
|
Height of loading lip in mm (H195) |
|
||||||
|
Luggage capacity in l, acc. to VDA block method (V210) |
|
||||||
1) depending on driving style and operating conditions
Technical Data - Audi A8 4.2 quattro
Programme for Germany - Status: July 2002
|
Model |
Audi A8 4.2 quattro |
|
||||
|
Engine / electrics | ||||||
|
Type of engine |
V8 spark-ignition engine, two-stage variable intake manifold, DOHC |
|
||||
|
Valve gear / number of valves per cylinder |
Camshaft adjustment, roller cam followers with hydraulic adjustment / 5 |
|
||||
|
Displacement in cc / bore x stroke in mm / compression |
4172 / 84.5 x 93.0 / 11.0 |
|
||||
|
Max. power output in kW (bhp) / at rpm |
|
|||||
|
Max. torque in Nm / at rpm |
|
|||||
|
Engine management |
Motronic ME 7.1.1; fully electronic sequential injection, coordinated torque control, hot-film air-mass measurement, drive-by-wire throttle control, mapped ignition with solid-state high-voltage distribution, cylinder-selective knock control using two sensors, adaptive lambda control |
|
||||
|
Exhaust emission control |
Air-gap insulated exhaust manifold, two 3-way stepped catalytic converters close to the engine, four heated oxygen sensors |
|
||||
|
Emission category |
EU 4 |
|
||||
|
Alternator in A / battery in A/Ah |
|
|||||
|
Drive / transmission | ||||||
|
Type of drive |
Permanent all-wheel drive with Torsen centre differential |
|
||||
|
Clutch |
Hydraulically operated torque
converter with |
|
||||
|
Gearbox type |
6-speed tiptronic with DSP and additional sport program |
|
||||
|
Gear ratio in 1st gear / 2nd gear |
|
|||||
|
Gear ratio in 3rd gear / 4th gear |
|
|||||
|
Gear ratio in 5th gear / 6th gear |
|
|||||
|
Final drive ratio / reverse gear |
|
|||||
|
Running gear / steering / brakes | ||||||
|
Front suspension |
Four-link front suspension, double upper and lower wishbones, anti-roll bar, air suspension |
|
||||
|
Rear suspension |
Self-tracking trapezoidal-link axle with wishbone, anti-roll bar, air suspension |
|
||||
|
Steering / turning circle in m (D102) |
Maintenance-free rack-and-pinion steering with speed-dependent power assistance and variable ratio / approx. 12.1 |
|
||||
|
Brake system, front/rear |
Diagonally split dual-circuit brake system with ESP/ABS/EBD, brake servo, hydraulic brake assist, disc brakes, front and rear: ventilated discs; front: double-piston callipers; electro-mechanical parking brake |
|
||||
|
Wheels / tyres |
Cast aluminium wheels, 10-hole styling; 8Jx17 / 235/55 R17 99 Y |
|
||||
|
Performance / consumption / acoustics | ||||||
|
Maximum speed in mph |
155 (governed) |
|
||||
|
Acceleration 0-50 / 0-62mph in sec |
|
|||||
|
Fuel grade |
Super Plus or Euro-Super unleaded, 98/95 RON |
|
||||
|
Fuel consumption: urban/extra urban/overall, mpg |
|
|||||
|
CO2 mass emission, g/ km |
|
|||||
|
Standing / drive-past exterior noise level in dB (A) |
|
|||||
|
Servicing / warranty | ||||||
|
Long-life service after a maximum of ... miles |
Up to 19,000 or 2 years, according to AVS indicator 1) |
|
||||
|
Vehicle / paint / rust penetration warranty |
3 years or 60,000 miles / 3 years / 12 years |
|
||||
|
Insurance classification in Germany |
Data was not available at the time of printing |
|
||||
|
Weights / loads | ||||||
|
Unladen weight in kg / gross weight limit in kg |
|
|||||
|
Axle load limit at front / rear in kg |
|
|||||
|
Trailer load limit, unbraked in kg |
|
|||||
|
Trailer load limit on 8% / 12% gradient, braked in kg |
|
|||||
|
Roof load limit in kg / permissible nose weight in kg |
|
|||||
|
Capacities | ||||||
|
Cooling system capacity (incl. heating) in l |
|
|||||
|
Engine oil capacity (incl. filter) in l |
|
|||||
|
Fuel tank capacity in l |
|
|||||
|
Body / dimensions | ||||||
|
Body type / number of doors / seats |
Aluminium: Audi Space Frame ASF / 4 / 5 |
|
||||
|
Drag coefficient cD / frontal area A in m2 |
|
|||||
|
Length (L103) / width excl. mirrors (W103) / height (H100), mm |
|
|||||
|
Wheelbase (L101) / track at front/rear (W101/W102), mm |
|
|||||
|
Height of loading lip in mm (H195) |
|
|||||
|
Luggage capacity in l, acc. to VDA block method (V210) |
|
|||||
) depending on driving style and operating conditions
|
