I work Do I work? I don't work
He/She/It works Does he/she/it work? He/She/It don't work
We work Do we work? We don't work
You work Do you work? You don't work
They work Do they work? They don't work
A - an habitual action
B - a characteristic or fact about someone or something
C - verbs which cannot normally be used in the continuous
Eg . : to belong, to like, to understand
To be:
· & 24224s1812y nbsp; & 24224s1812y nbsp; & 24224s1812y nbsp; & 24224s1812y nbsp; am with the personal pronoun II
· & 24224s1812y nbsp; & 24224s1812y nbsp; & 24224s1812y nbsp; is with the personal pronouns he, she or it (or with the singular form of nouns)
· & 24224s1812y nbsp; & 24224s1812y nbsp; & 24224s1812y nbsp; are with the personal pronouns we, you or they (or with the plural form of nouns)
|
affirmative |
Interrogative |
Negative |
|
|
I |
I am. |
Am I? |
I am not. |
|
he/she/it |
He is. |
Is he? |
He is not. |
|
you/we/they |
You are. |
Are you? |
You are not. |
I am working Am I working? I am not working
You are working Are you working? You are not working
He/She/It is working Is he/she/it working? He/She/It is not working
We are working Are we working? We are not working
You are working Are you working? You are not working
They are working Are they working? They are not working
a) A - an action which is taking place at the moment of speaking
b) B - an arrange future
The present progressive puts emphasis on the course or duration of an action.
To be:
· & 24224s1812y nbsp; am with the personal pronoun I
· & 24224s1812y nbsp; is with the personal pronouns he, she or it (or the singular form of nouns)
· & 24224s1812y nbsp; are with the personal pronouns you, we, they (or the plural form of nouns)
|
Affirmative |
Interrogative |
Negative |
|
|
I |
I am playing. |
Am I playing? |
I am not playing. |
|
he, she, it |
He is playing. |
Is he playing? |
He is not playing. |
|
you, we, they |
You are playing. |
Are you playing? |
You are not playing. |
PAST TENSE SIMPLE
I worked Did I work? I didn't work
You worked Did you work? You didn't work
He/She/It worked Did he/she/it work? He/She/It didn't work
We worked Did we work? We didn't work
You worked Did you work? You didn't work
They worked Did they work? They didn't work
Use of Past Tense Simple
· & 24224s1812y nbsp; action in the past taking place once, never or several times
Example: He visited his parents every weekend.
· & 24224s1812y nbsp; actions in the past taking place one after the other
Example: He came in, took off his coat and sat down.
· & 24224s1812y nbsp; action in the past taking place in the middle of another action
Example: When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang.
· & 24224s1812y nbsp; if sentences type II (If I talked, .)
Example: If I had a lot of money, I would share it with you.
|
Affirmative |
Interrogative |
Negative |
|
|
I |
I spoke |
I did not speak. |
Did I speak? |
|
he, she, it |
He |
Is he playing? |
He is not playing. |
|
you, we, they |
You are playing. |
Are you playing? |
You are not playing. |
I was working Was I working? I wasn't working
You were working Were you working? You weren't working
He/She/It was working Was he/she/it working? He/She/It wasn't working
We were working Were we working? We weren't working
You were working Were you working? You weren't working
They were working Were they working? They weren't working
A - an actionwhich was in progresswhen another action ocurred ( second
action is expressed in the past simple )
I have worked Have I work? I haven't work
You have worked Have you work? You haven't work
He/She/It has worked Has he/she/it work? He/She/It hasn't work
We have worked Have we work? We haven't work
You have worked Have you work? You haven't work
They have worked Have they work? They haven't work
A - an action which occurred at an unspecified time in the past
B - an action which occurred in the past but the result of which is evident in
the present - often a recent past action
C - a state or activity starting in the past which still pertains to the present
I have been working Have I been working? I haven't been working
You have been working Have you been working? You haven't been working
He/She/It has been working Has he/she/it been working? He/She/It hasn't been
working
We have been working Have we been working We haven't been working
You have been working Have you been working? You haven't been working
They have been working Have they been working? They haven't been working
A - an activity (usually temporary) which started in the past and continues up
to the present
I had worked Had I work ? I hadn't work
You had worked Had you work? You hadn't work
He/She/It had worked Had he/she/it work? He/She/It hadn't work
We had worked Had we work? We hadn't work
You had worked Had you work? You hadn't work
They had worked Had they work? They hadn't work
A - the earlier of two actions which occurred in the past , the second of
which is the simple past
Used either:
c) when there is ambiguity over which action occurred first
or
d) when the first action refers to a time period earlier than that of the main narrative
I had been working Had I been working? I hadn't been working
You had been working Had you been working? You hadn't been working
He/She/It had been working Had he/she/it been working? He/She/It hadn't been
working
We had been working Had we been working? We hadn't been working
You had been working Had you been working? You hadn't been working
They had been working Had they been working? They hadn't been working
A - an action which was in progress for a period of time before another
action ( in the simple past ) occurred
I shall/will work Shall/Will I work? I shan't/won't work
You shall/will work Shall/Will you work? You shan't/won't work
He/She/It shall/will work Shall/Will he/she/it work? He/She/It shan't/won't
work
We shall/will work Shall/Will we work? We shan't/won't work
You shall/will work Shall/Will you work? You shan't/won't work
They shall/will work Shall/Will they work? They shan't/won't work
A - a spontaneous decision taken at the moment of speaking. Can be a
promise, offer, threat etc
B - prediction about the future events often preceded by verbs such as
hope, expect, suppose etc
I am going to work Am I going to work? I am not going to work
You are going to work Are you going to work? You are not going to work
He/She/It is going to work Is he/she/it going to work? He/She/It is not going to
work
We are going to work Are we going to work? We are not going to work
You are going to work Are you going to work? You are not going to work
They are going to work Are they going to work? They are not going to work
A - used to talk about intention or plans which have bee3n decided before
the moment of speaking
B - statement about future events where there is some present evidence for
the event happening
I shall be working Shall I be working? I shall not be working
You shall be working Shall you be working? You shall not be working
He/She/It shall be working Shall he/she/it be working? He/She/It shall not be
working
We shall be working Shall we be working? We shall not be working
You shall be working Shall you be working? You shall not be working
They shall be working Shall they be working? They shall not be working
I shall have worked Shall I have work? I shall not have work
You shall have worked Shall you have work? You shall not have
work
He/She/It shall has worked Shall he/she/it has worked? He/She/It shall not has
work
We shall have worked Shall we have work? We shall not have work
You shall have work Shall you have work? You shall not have
work
They shall have work Shall they have work? They shall not have
work
A - an action which is seen to be in the past from a point of time in the
future
I shall have been working Shall I have been working? I shall not have been
working
You shall have been working Shall you have been working? You shall not have been
working
He/She/It shall has been working Shall he/she/it has been working? He/She/It
shall not has been
working
We shall have been working Shall we have been working? We shall not have
been working
You shall have been working Shall you have been working? You shall not have
been working
They shall have been working Shall they have been working? They shall not have
been working
A - an action which is seen as a starting point in the past and being in
progress from a point of time in the future
|
Tense |
Affirmative/Negative/Question |
Use |
Signal Words |
|
A: He speaks. |
action in the present taking place once, never or several times facts actions taking place one after another action set by a timetable or schedule |
always, every ., never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes,
usually |
|
|
A: He is speaking. |
action taking place in the moment of speaking action taking place only for a limited period of time action arranged for the future |
at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!, now, right now |
|
|
A: He spoke. |
action in the past taking place once, never or several times actions taking place one after another action taking place in the middle of another action |
yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday |
|
|
A: He was speaking. |
action going on at a certain time in the past actions taking place at the same time action in the past that is interrupted by another action |
when, while, as long as |
|
|
A: He has spoken. |
putting emphasis on the result action that is still going on action that stopped recently finished action that has an influence on the present action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking |
already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now |
|
|
A: He has been speaking. |
putting emphasis on the course or duration (not the result) action that recently stopped or is still going on finished action that influenced the present |
all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week |
|
|
A: He had spoken. |
action taking place before a certain time in the past sometimes interchangeable with past perfect progressive putting emphasis only on the fact (not the duration) |
already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day |
|
|
A: He had been speaking. |
action taking place before a certain time in the past sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple putting emphasis on the duration or course of an action |
for, since, the whole day, all day |
|
|
A: He will speak. |
action in the future that cannot be influenced spontaneous decision assumption with regard to the future |
in a year, next ., tomorrow |
|
|
(going to) |
A: He is going to speak. |
decision made for the future conclusion with regard to the future |
in one year, next week, tomorrow |
|
A: He will be speaking. |
action that is going on at a certain time in the future action that is sure to happen in the near future |
in one year, next week, tomorrow |
|
|
A: He will have spoken. |
action that will be finished at a certain time in the future |
by Monday, in a week |
|
|
A: He will have been speaking. |
action taking place before a certain time in the future putting emphasis on the course of an action |
for ., the last couple of hours, all day long |
|
|
A: He would speak. |
action that might take place |
if sentences type II |
|
|
A: He would be speaking. |
action that might take place putting emphasis on the course / duration of the action | ||
|
A: He would have spoken. |
action that might have taken place in the past |
if sentences type III |
|
