Fill in the blanks.
This aeroplane (fly) .......by .................. in ................ It (design)..... by................ year 2. This car (drive).......by the famous sports car driver, ...................... It make......by the ................ Company.....in ...............
year 3. These earrings (wear) ........by the famous actress, .......... ..... ......
They (give)..........to the museum by her granddaughter. 4. This strange machine (invent).......... in ............ Unfortunately, it (ride).......year only two or three times because it was very dangerous. 5. These photographs (take) ...........
by ..................... when he/she was only 15 years old. They (leave) ......... in an old shoe box where they , (forget).............for many years.
6. This letter (write)..........by .................... to ..................... but it (send)..........never..... It (find).............recently between the pages of an old book. 7. This is one of..................'s early operas. It (compose)......
in ............ , and it (sing).........for the first time year in ............... year
8. This impressive bridge (build) .......... ..... ...... ........ in ............... (city) more than 300 years ago. It (begin) ............... ................. in 1520, and it (finish) ........................ until 1600.
9. This portrait .......... ..... ...... ...............
Write about the records in the passive.
1. In 1986 ... paid over 8 mln dollars for a used car. 2. ... bought a bottle of French wine for $31,000. 3. In 1984 ... sold a postcard for $4,400. 4. . . used 100 bottles of tomato ketchup for a 17 hour bath. 5. In 1986 ... made a 40,000-kilo cake in 32 hours. 6. In Ohio ... spent about $120,000 in the first two hours at a market. 7. In one of the Great Lakes ... found a 64-year-old message in a bottle. 8. At Easter 1985 ... hid over 70 16516l112q ,000 boiled eggs in a park in Georgia.
Open the brackets.
A COLLEGE TOUR
I'm glad you've all come to visit our college. I hope that many of you will enroll next year.
First, let's visit some of our classrooms. In this room, students (teach) .......... ..... ...... .......... ..... ...... ........
French. Here at Greenville College, we believe that all students I (teach) should .......... ..... ...... ..to speak a foreign language. I The students in the next room are studying history. History fclasses are usually very lively, but today the students (give) .......... ..... ...... .......... ..... ...... ....... an examination. This room is a science classroom. You can stay for awhile and listen. I'm sure many interesting ideas (discuss) ..................
.......... ..... ...... ........... right now. In a little while, we're going to see the cafeteria where all the school food (prepare) is...... We believe that young people (feed) should .......... ..... ...... .......... good nutritious food. That's why we've planted the vegetable garden you see next to the cafeteria. The vegetables that our students are eating today (grow) .......... ..... ...... ......................... in our garden. The next stop on the tour will be the college hospital. It (build) .......... ..... ...... . last year and is the school's most modern building. Patients at the college hospital (take) are ....... care of by excellent nurses and doctors who (train) ................... .......... ..... ...... ..... at the best universities. Students from Greenville College are well prepared for life. Many of our former students (hire) ........................ by fine companies where they've (give) .......... ..... ...... . important jobs.
We hope you've enjoyed your tour of Greenville College.
Use the correct form of the passive.
1. More cars (build) in the Detroit area than anywhere else in the USA. 2. My mum (tell) she will get better wages next month. 3. I'm very sorry we couldn't repair your car today, but it (repair) tomorrow. 4. The bank robber didn't get far. He (catch) near London last night.
5. In 1921 Ireland (divide) into Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.6. Empty bottles shouldn't (throw away). 7. The car (look at) by five people so far, but nobody wants to buy it.
8. Every four years a new president (elect) in the USA.
5 Put in the correct verb forms.
1. The palace .................. by Sir Robert Fleming, (build) 2. It............completely ... by fire in 1745. (destroy) 3. Seven years later, it ............ as an exact copy of the original, (rebuild)
4. In the 18 th century it had 48 rooms, but it ......in the late 19th century, and now has 112 rooms, (enlarge) 5. In 1976 it .........to Leisuredesign Enterprises Ltd. (sell) 6. The house .................. into a fun palace, and the gardens ... into a safari park, (convert, turn)
Here are some of the notices in the fun palace and safari park. Can you fill in the gaps with passive verbs?
1. Visitors ...... into the house and grounds between 9.00 am and 5.30 pm. (allow) 2. A bell ........ fifteen minutes before closing time, (ring) 3. Visitors ......not to feed the animals, (request)
4. People ......... not to leave their cars while touring the safari park, (advise) 5. Dogs ......... in the safari park, (not allow) 6. You ............ not to touch the furniture, (ask) 7. The staff.........to accept tips, (not permit) 8. Lunch ......... in the cafeteria from 11.00 to 2.30. (serve)
Rewrite the sentences using the passive form of the verbs in italics.
1. They gave up the search after three hours. 2. They ought to have pointed that out to me at the very beginning. 3. No one brought up that question at the meeting. 4. Somebody should look into the matter. 5. It was clear that the parents had brought the child up well. 6. We had to put off our visit until later. 7. I was shocked to hear that someone had broken into your house.
8. Don't speak until someone speaks to you. 9. His bank manager turned down his request for a loan. 10. You must account for every penny you spent. 11. Someone hasn't stuck this stamp on very firmly. 12. Events will bear out the truth of what I'm saying. 13. An official held us up at the Customs for half an hour. 14. How can we bring about the desired result? 15. He hates people making fun of him. (Passive Gerund)
Complete the sentences with a passive construction, using the verbs given, and in a suitable form.
The new washing machines (turn out) at the rate of fifty a day. 2. When her husband died, she naturally assumed that she (provide for). 3. We've had to move into a hotel while the house we've just bought (do up). 4. The employee was assured of his (take on) again as soon as work was available. 5. Richard always (tell off) for careless mistakes nowadays. 6. The agreement had to (draw up) in the presence of two witnesses. 7. Some Heads of Government now fear that negotiations, (break off) before a settlement is reached. 8. The chairman of the board of directors assured shareholders that the matter of the deficiency (look into) by the time the next meeting was held. 9. He felt he (let down) badly by his best friend. 10. The search party had little idea where to start looking, the climber's tracks (blot out) by a recent snowstorm.
Rewrite the sentences in the passive, making the words in italics the subject of the sentence or clause in which they appear.
1. They gave the oldest councillor the freedom of the city. 2. They denied access to the secret documents to all but a few. 3. Someone showed the child how to use the telephone. 4. They declared him "persona non grata" and allowed him only forty-eight hours to leave the country. (2) 5. They gave him artificial respiration. 6. Why didn't they offer him the job? 7. Didn't they promise you a rise in salary at the beginning of the year? 8. Someone left him a legacy of £10,000. 9. When he looked at the stamps, he found they had sold him forgeries. 10. What did they pay you for doing the job? 11. Someone should tell him never to do that again. 12. They asked you to meet me here at 11 o'clock, not half-past. 13. Will someone send me the details?
14. We shall send you the goods as soon as they are available. 15. Someone must teach that boy a lesson!
Passive transforms using the infinitive. Rewrite the sentences in an alternative passive form, beginning your sentences with the words in italics.
1. It is said that he is an honest, hard-working man. 2. It is considered that this surgeon is a brilliant practitioner. 3. It is now thought that some redundancies in the Com pany are inevitable. 4. It was proved that the statements he had were false. 5. It was understood that the delegation was keen to meet the British Prime Minister. 6. It is believed that the Chancellor is thinking of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue. 7. It is expected that the electricity supply industry will be running into surplus capacity by next year. 8. It is reported that several Japanese manufacturers are planning to set up plants overseas. 9. It is expected that the brewers will raise the price of beer in the near future. 10. It was claimed that the drug produced no undesirable side-effects. 11. It is said that the police acted with great restraint, despite provocation. 12. It was alleged that the Prime Minister had misled the House. 13. It is believed that the Government has had second thoughts on this problem. 14. It was believed that the explosion had been caused by a mine. 15. It is presumed that the ship's radio equipment was put out of action during the fire. 16. It is thought that the driver had both legs broken in the crash.
11. Rewrite in the passive the sentences or clauses containing a verb in italics.
1. The fact that the new scheme raised such a storm of disapproval means that no one can have explained it property to the public. 2. His father warned him not to let others lead him astray. 3. The chairman of the committee complained that they were taking up too much time in discussing trivialities. 4. People put down the boy's rudeness to his parents' having spoiled him
5. Not until later did they discover that someone had stolen the picture. 6. Never before had they sent anyone to prison for that particular crime. 7. They could make the law effective only in this ("Only in this way ...") 8. People said that no one could reach any agreement on this question. 9. The army put down the rebellion and declared martial law. 10. He wanted them to treat the information as confidential. 11. Had they told me that someone was to bring up the subject of finance at the next meeting, I wouldn't have mentioned it. 12. He dislikes his fellow-workers thinking him a fool. 13. The public having ignored him for many years, the writer suddenly became famous. (" After ...") 14. Should someone prove beyond doubt that an accident caused the fire, the police will naturally, release the man the' are at present holding on suspicion of arson. 15. On their informing him that the police wanted him, the man realized that his accomplice had betrayed him.
Rewrite in the active the sentences or clauses containing a verb in italics. Where the agent is not stated, a suitable subject for the sentence or clause should be inferred from the context.
1. The fire was finally got under control, but not before extensive damage had been caused
2. Don't let yourself be depressed by your failure. 3. In view of the widespread concern that is felt by the community at the plan for a main road to be built through the village, it has been decided by the local Council that a special inquiry should be held 4. The house had been broken into, and two thousands pounds' worth of jewellery had been stolen 5. Only after it had been subjected to searching laboratory tests by the scientists was the new vaccine put on the market by the Company. 6. The plan hadn't been at all well thought out by the leader.
7. It ought to have been made quite clear to the shareholders before the annual meeting was held that they would not be allowed to vote for a new board by proxy. 8. Your lawyer's advice should have been obtained before any decision was made by you for the matter to be taken further. 9. He needn't have been caused so much distress by being told by the army authorities that his brother had died in action, as it was later discovered that a mistake had been made as to the missing man's identity. 10. Information about the source from which the starling news had been obtained was withheld by the reporter.
Rewrite the sentences in the passive omitting the words in brackets.
1. (Everyone) knows this fact very well. 2. (They) opened the theatre only last month. 3. (People) will soon forget it. 4. (You) must write the answers in ink. 5. (Someone) has taken two of my books. 6. (We) have already filled the vacancy. 7. What should (one) do in such case? 8. Did (they) say anything interesting? 9. Did (no one) ever make the situation clear to you? 10. (One) should keep milk in a refrigerator. 11. I don't think (anyone) can do it. 12. (They) would undoubtedly have killed him if he hadn't promised to co-operate. 13. (You) must finish the work by 7. 14. (They) are now manufacturing this type of computer in many countries. 15. (No one) could possibly have known the secret. 16. Has (someone) made all the necessary arrangements? 17. Fortunately (no one) had said anything about it. 18. (We) will execute all orders promptly. 19. (The police) kept the man in custody. 20. Does (someone) clean all the rooms regularly?
Complete the sentences with a passive construction using the verbs given and the forms suggested.
1. Much of London (destroy) by fire in the 17th century. (Past simple). 2. The men who (bite) a snake (give) a serum. (Past perfect, Past simple). 3. A leader should be a man who can respect. (Infinitive). 4. Many slums (demolish) to make way for new buildings. (Present progressive). 5. The police (instruct) to take firm action against hooligans. (Present perfect). 6. He (save) from bankruptcy by the kindness of a friend. (Past simple). 7. A cease-fire (expect) (declare) later this week. (Present simple, Infinitive). 8. A great deal of research (do) into the possible causes of cancer. (Present progressive). 9. The worker claimed that he (victimize) by his employers. (Past progressive). 10. The tenant (evict) for not paying his rent. (Past simple) 11. It (think) that the Government would do something to help. (Past perfect). 12. Three hundred new houses (build) by the end of next year. (Future perfect). 13. Because of a strike work on the building had to (discontinue). (Infinitive). 14. The witness strongly objected to (cross-examine). (Gerund). 15. (threaten) by a blackmailer he immediately informed the police. (Perfect participle). 16. I'm not accustomed to (treat) in that way. (Gerund). 17. The passengers ought to (inform) that the train (withdraw) from service. (Perfect infinitive, Past perfect). 18. Customers (ask) to ensure that they (give) the correct change before leaving the shop, as mistakes cannot afterwards (rectify). (Present simple, Present perfect, Infinitive). 19. Was he very upset at (not offer) the job? (Gerund). 20. The man was sent to prison for six months, (find) guilty of fraud. (Perfect participle).
Use the passive forms to make corrects sentences.
1. computer - many offices/ they - in schools, too. 2. pocket calculator - in all kinds of shops/ they - quite cheaply today. 3. more radio and TV programmes - 20 years ago/ much more money - on these programmes, too. 4. fantastic photos - underwater/ of course special cameras - for such photos.
Change the following sentences from active to passive voice.
1. Somebody calls the president every day. 2. John is calling the other members. 3. Martha was delivering the documents to the department 4. The other members have repealed the amendment. 5. The delegates had received the information before the recess. 6. The teacher should buy the supplies for this class. 7. Somebody will call Mr Watson tonight. 8. The fire has caused considerable damage. 9. The company was developing a new procedure before the bankruptcy hearings began. 10. John will have received the paper by tomorrow.
Complete this report with the correct active and passive forms.
SIR BILLY DIES AT THE AGE OF 81
Sir William Butlin, founder of the famous "Butlin's" holiday camps, (die) yesterday morning at the age of eighty one. No further information about the cause of his death (give) yet. "Billy Butlin" - as he (call) by everyone here in Britain - (be) born in South Africa in 1899. When Billy (be) eleven years old, his parents (emigrate) to Canada. Billy (leave) school at the age of twelve and (give) a job in a department store. At fifteen he (join) the Canadian army and (send) to France, where he (fight) in World War I.'
After sometime as a travelling entertainer, he (open) his first small holiday camp at Skegness in Lincolnshire in 1936, It (be) so successful that soon other camps (open) by "Sir Billy" at Clacton-on-Sec in Essex and at Filey in Yorkshire. After World War II his holiday-camp empire (grow) so quickly that soon the camp (visit) by over one million people every year. Today especially families with children (enjoy) a holiday at a Butlin's camp.
Sir William Butlin (be) a man who (give) much of his money to charity. One of the first charity walks (organize) by him in February 1969. Hundreds of people (walk) from John o'Groats in the north of Scotland to land's End in Cornwall and thousands of pounds (give) to charity.
It (expect) that the holiday camp tradition which (establish) by Billy Butlin (continue) in the future, so that many more Butlin holidays can (enjoy) by families from all over Britain.
Put the transitive verbs into the passive voice. Do not mention the agent unless it seems necessary.
1. The milkman brings the milk to my door but the postman leaves the letters in the hall.
2. In future, perhaps, they won't bring letters to the houses, and we shall have to collect them from the Post Office. 3. People steal things from supermarkets every day; someone stole twenty bottles of whisky from this one last week. 4 Normally men sweep this street every day, but nobody swept it last week. 5. The postman clears this box three time a day. He last cleared it at 2.30. 6. Someone turned on a light in the hall and opened the door. 7 Women clean this office in the evening after the staff have left; they clean the upstairs offices between seven and eight in the morning. 8. We never saw him in the dining-room. A maid took all his meals up to him. 9. Someone left this purse in a classroom yesterday; the cleaner found it. 10. We build well over 1,000 new houses a year. Last year we built 1,500. 11. We serve hot meals till 10.30, and guests can order coffee and sandwiches up to 11.30. 12. Passengers leave all sorts of things in buses. The conductors collect them and send them to the Lost Property Office.
13. An ambulance took the sick man to hospital. (Mention ambulance.) 14. We kill and injure people on the roads every day. Can't we do something about this? 15. Dogs guard the warehouse. The other day a thief tried to get in and a dog saw him and chased him. (A thief who ...) 16. The watchman called the police. The police arrested the man. 17. Tom had only a slight injury and they helped him off the field; but Jack was seriously injured and they carried him off on a stretcher. (Tom, who had ..., but Jack, who was ...) 18. You can't wash this dress; you must dry-clean it. 19. They are demolishing the entire block. 20. He recommends fitting new tyres. (Use should) 21. He suggested allowing council tenants to buy their houses.
22. Men with slide rules used to do these calculations; now a computer does them. 23. The court tried the man, found him guilty and sent him to prison. 24. The hall porter polishes the knockers of all the flats every day. ~ Well, he hasn't polished mine for a week. 25. They are repairing my piano at the moment. 26. Passengers shouldn't throw away their tickets as inspectors may check these during the journey. 27. They invited Jack but they didn't invite Tom.
28. The guests ate all sandwiches and drank all the beer. They left nothing. 29. Has someone posted my parcel? 30. Why did no one inform me of the change of plan? 31. Tom Smith wrote the book and Brown and Co. published it. 32. We shall have to tow the car to the garage. 33. I'm afraid we have sold all our copies but we have ordered more. 34. We will prosecute trespassers. 35. Someone stole my car and abandoned it fifteen miles away. He had removed the radio but done no other damage. 36. You must keep dogs on leads in the gardens.
. Put the transitive verbs into the passive voice. Do not mention the agent unless it seems necessary.
1. They haven't stamped the letter. 2. They didn't pay me for the work; they expected me to do it for nothing. 3. He escaped when they were moving him from one prison to another. 4 She didn't introduce me to her mother. 5. A frightful crash wakened me at 4 a.m. 6. When they have widened this street the roar of the traffic will keep residents awake all night. 7. They threw away the rubbish. 8. A Japanese firm makes these television sets. 9. An earthquake destroyed the town. 10. A machine could do this much more easily. 11. Visitors must leave umbrellas and sticks in the cloakroom. 12. We ask tenants not to play their radios loudly after midnight. 13. We can't repair your clock. 14. We cannot exchange articles which customers have bought during the sale. (Articles ...) 15. We have to pick the fruit very early in the morning, otherwise we can't get it to the market in time. 16. The police shouldn't allow people to park there.
17. They are watching my house. 18. The examiner will read the passage three times. 19. Candidates may not use dictionaries. 20. You need not type this letter. 21. This used to be number 13, but now I see that someone has crossed out "13" and written "12A" underneath.
22. You mustn't move this man; he is too ill. You'll have to leave him here. 23. They searched his house and found a number of stolen articles. 24. Nobody has used this room for ages. 25. They took him for a Frenchman, his French was so good. 26. You should have taken those books back to the library. 27. They brought the children up in Italy. 28. They have taken down the For Sale notice, so I suppose they have sold the house. 29. Someone broke into his house and stole a lot of his things. 30. We have warned you. 31. A lorry knocked him down.
32. They returned my keys to me; someone had picked them up in the street. 33. We had to give the books back; they did not allow us to take them home. 34. You shouldn't leave these documents on the desk. You should lock them up. 35. They handed round coffee and biscuits.
36. They have tried other people's schemes. Why have they never tried my scheme?
. In this exercise most of the sentences contain a verb + preposition/adverb combination. The preposition or adverb must be retained when the combination is pu* into the passive. In most of the sentences it is not necessary to mention the agent.
1. The government has called out troops. 2. Fog held up the trains, (agent required) 3. You are to leave this here. Someone will call for it later on 4. We called in the police. 5. They didn't look after the children properly. 6. They are flying in reinforcements. 7. Then they called up men of 28. 8. Everyone looked up to him. (agent required) 9. All the ministers will see him off at the airport, (agent required) 10. He hasn't slept in his bed. 11. We can build on more rooms.
12. They threw him out. 13. They will have to adopt a different attitude. 14. He's a dangerous maniac. They ought to lock him up. 15. Her story didn't take them in. (agent required) 16. Burglars broke into the house. 17. The manufacturers are giving away small plastic toys with each packet of cereal. 18. They took down the notice. 19. They frown on smoking here.
20. After the government had spent a million pounds on the scheme they decided that it was impracticable and gave it up. (Make only the first and last verbs passive.) 21. When I returned I found that they had towed my car away. I asked why they had done this and they told me that it was because I had parked it under a No Parking sign, (four passives) 22. People must hand in their weapons. 23. The crowd shouted him down. 24. People often take him for his brother.
25. No one has taken out the cork. 26. The film company were to have used the pool for aquatic displays, but now they have changed their minds about it and are filling it in. (Make the first and last verbs passive.) 27. This college is already full. We are turning away students the whole time. 28. You will have to pull down this skyscraper as you have not complied with the town planning regulations.
- Some of the following sentences when put into the passive require or can have a change of construction.
1. believe, claim, consider, find, know, say, suppose and ''«ink when used in the passive can be followed by an infinitive:
They say he is a spy = He is said to be a spy.
They say he was a spy = He is said to have been a spy.
It is said that he is/was ... is also possible.
2. Subject + be supposed + infinitive often conveys an idea of duty, particularly when the subject is you:
It is your duty to obey him = You are supposed to obey him.
3. Infinitives after passive verbs are normally full infinitives.
4. Note the use of have + object + past participle: Get someone to mend it = Have it mended.
5. Note the use of should in the passive.
Put the following sentences into the passive, using an infinitive construction where possible.
1. We added up the money and found that it was correct. 2. I'm employing a man to tile the bathroom. 3. Someone seems to have made a terrible mistake. 4. It is your duty to make tea at eleven o'clock. (Use suppose.) 5. People know that he is armed. 6. Someone saw him pick up the gun. 7. We know that you were in town on the night of the crime. 8. We believe that he has special knowledge which may be useful to the police, (one passive) 9. You needn't have done this. 10. It's a little too loose; you had better ask your tailor to take it in. (one passive) 11. He likes people to call him "sir". 12. Don't touch this switch. 13. You will have to get someone to see to it. 14. It is impossible to do this. (Use can't.) 15. Someone is following us. 16. They used to make little boys climb the chimneys to clean them, (one passive) 17. You have to see it to believe it. (two passives) 18. You order me about and I am tired of it. (/ am tired of ...) 19. He doesn't like people laughing at him. 20. You don't need to wind this watch. 21. They shouldn't have told him. 2. They decided to divide the money between the widows of the lifeboatmen. (They decided that the money ...) 23. People believe that he was killed by terrorists. 24. They are to send letters to the leaders of charitable organizations. 25. We consider that she was the best singer that Australia has ever produced, (one passive) 26. We don't allow smoking. 27. We know that the expedition reached the South Pole in May. 28. Before they invented printing people had to write everything by hand. 29. They urged the government to create more jobs, (two ways) 30. They suggested banning the sale of alcohol at football matches.
Use the correct tenses and passive forms of the verbs in brackets.
FISHY TALES
Mermaids (see) ... by sailors for centuries. The basis of all mermaid myths (suppose) ... to be a creature called a Manatee: a kind of walrus! Mermaids used (to show) ... in funfairs until recently. It all began in 1817 when a "mermaid" (buy) ... for £6,000 by a sailor in the South Pacific. She (eventually sell) ... to the great circusowner Barnum. She (exhibit) ... in 1842 as "The Fee-jee Mermaid". It (say) ... that she earned Barnum $1,000 a week! The thousands who saw this mermaid (must/disappoint) ... . She (cleverly make) ... by a Japanese fisherman. A monkey's head (delicately sew) ... to the tail of a large salmon. The job (so skilfully do) ... that the joint between the fish and the monkey was invisible. Real imagination (must/require) ... to see this revolving creature as a beautiful mermaid combing her golden hair!
Put in the correct forms, active or passive, of the verbs in brackets.
HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES?
Lord Manners was a rich and famous banker. When he (die) ... recently, he (give) ... a magnificent funeral which (attend) ... by hundreds of famous people. The funeral was going to (hold) ... in Westminster Abbey. Many ordinary people (line) ... the streets
to watch the procession. The wonderful black and gold carriage (draw) ... by six black horses. The mourners (follow) ... in silence. Lord Manners (give) ... a royal farewell. Two tramps were among the crowd. They (watch) ... the procession with amazement. As solemn music (could hear) ... in the distance, one of them (turn) ... to the other and (whisper) ... in admiration, "Now that's what I call really living!"
. Supply suitable active and passive forms in these sentences using the verbs in brackets. Some variations in tenses may be possible.
1. It isn't clear how far the ozone layer (damage) ... by aerosol sprays. It may be possible to tell whether the hole over the Antarctic (widen) ... after the area (investigate) ... high-flying planes. 2. These days, even the most remote places on earth (visit) ... by tourists. Package tours (can/arrange) ... for almost anywhere, from the Himalayas to the Amazonian jungle. 3. Notices such as (English/Speak) ... and (Shoes/Repair) ... are common. Sometimes they (translate) ... into different languages for the benefit of the tourists. 4. We (constantly remind) ... of the way the world (become) ... smaller when events taking place in different parts of the globe (flash) ... on our television screens. 5. If you (involve) ... in a car accident and someone (hurt) ... you (have to) ... report the matter to the police. If only the vehicles (damage) ... drivers should exchange names and addresses.
Open the brackets. Put the verbs into active or passive.
1. Today minerals (form) almost half of Australic's exports. 2. Australia also (export) lots of wood, meat, butter, fruit and wine. 3. Many of these products (export) to the Pacific countries, especially Japan and the West of the USA. 4. Australia (discover) as a market for American products at the end of the 18th century. 5. The first products from the USA (arrive) in Australia in 1792. 6. In the early 19th century Sydney (can/reach) faster from San Francisco than New York (can/reach) from the West Coast. 7. Today Australia mainly (import) machines and computer equipment from the USA.
Open the brackets. Use present simple or past simple, active or passive.
FRANKENSTEIN'S MONSTER
"Frankenstein" is a name that (know) by many people today. But not everybody (know) that Victor Frankenstein is the main character in a horror story by Mary Shelley. The book (write) at the beginning of the 19th century. Mary Shelley (be) only twenty years old when she (write) it.
In the story Frankenstein, a scientist, (want) to create a "person", but unfortunately he (create) a "monster". The monster (want) to be loved by people, but nobody (like) him. That's why he (become) violent and (start) killing people. In the end he also (kill) Victor Frankenstein.
Open the brackets. Use the verbs in the active or in the passive voices.
SAVING THE ENVIRONMENT
Elefriends (found) some years ago by a group of people who (be) worried about the future of elephants. Today a large number of elephants (kill) every day. If this (continue), there (be) no more elephants in ten years. Greenpeace (be) an environmental group which (support) by a large number of people all over the world. In recent years saving the ozone layer (be) one of their main issues. The ozone layer, the "roof" by which life on earth (protect) (have) a huge hole for years now. Among other things aerosols containing CFSs (be) responsible for this problem. 3. ARK (be) another environmental group. It (campaign) to stop air and water pollution. It (encourage) people to help the environment by changing the way they (live). ARK (hope) that in the next few years they (be able) to attract young people especially. The group (support) by a British chain of shops which (sell) beauty products. Their products (make) from natural substances and the bags they (use) (have) from recycled paper. Many of their products (sell) in bottles which (can/take) back to the shop, where they (can/refill).
Open the brackets.
"Rock'n1 Roll". The expression (use) in 1951 for the first time. The music for which it (use) had been there before: it was the black blues which (not accept) by many of the older whites. That is why it (not play) on many American radio programmes until the early 50s. But the young people of that time did not want to hear the "sweet" pop music of the 1940s any longer. R'n'R (see) as a violent kind of music by many parents, and so they did not like it. Bill Haley's "Rock around the Clock" (can/hear) in all places where young people met. But the real hero of R'n'R was Elvis Prestly. His powerful voice and the way he moved (love) by young people. He (call) "the king of R'n'R" by people all over the world.
Use active or passive forms in the past simple.
"The History of Plymouth Plantation" (write) by William Bradford between 1620 and 1651. It is a kind of diary in which he (write) about the life of the Pilgrims. After the Pilgrims had landed in Plymouth harbour, they (unload) the "Mayflower". Then all their things (put) in a dry place. Later, cottages (build) for everybody. The pilgrims also (discuss) things and (make) laws for their small group. In the winter months over half of the Pilgrims (die) and over 40 (become) ill. For sometime all the work (do) by only six or seven people. They (fetch) wood and (make) fires in everybody's houses. Food (cook) for the people who were ill, too. Then six or seven people also (wash) clothes for everybody.
. Put the following into the passive voice. The agent should not be mentioned except in numbers 11 and 28.
1. You should open the wine about three hours before you use it. 2. Previous climbers had cut steps in the ice. 3. Somebody had cleaned my shoes and brushed my suit. 4. We use this room only on special occasions. 5. You must not hammer nails into the walls without permission. 6. In some districts farmers use pigs to find truffles. 7. Someone switched on a light and opened the door. 8. Somebody had slashed the picture with a knife. 9. They are pulling down the old theatre. 10. Why didn't they mend the roof before it fell in? 11. The mob broke all the shop windows in recent riots. 12. The librarian said that they were starting a new system because people were not returning books. 13. The police asked each of us about his movements on the night of the crime. 14. Someone will serve refreshments. 15. People must not leave bicycles in the hall. 16. Members may keep books for three weeks. After that they must return them. 17. The burglars had cut an enormous hole in the steel door. 18. I've bought a harp. They are delivering it this afternoon. (Do not change the first sentence.)
19. Someone has already told him to report for duty at six. 20. They rang the church bells as a flood warning. 21. No one can do anything unless someone gives us more information. 22. People are spending far more money on food now than they spent ten years ago. 23. The organisers will exhibit the paintings till the end of the month. 24. They will say nothing more about the matter if someone returns the stolen gun. 25. It is high time someone told him to stop behaving like a child. 26. A thief stole my dog and brought him back only when I offered £20 reward for him. 27. The judge gave him two weeks in which to pay the fine. 28. They make these artificial flowers of silk.
Put the following into the passive, mentioning the agent where necessary.
Where there is an indirect and a direct object, make the indirect object the subject of the passive verb.
They gave her a clock. She was given a clock.
The gerund after certain verbs is replaced in the passive by should be + past participle:
They advised employing part-time workers.
They advised that part-time workers should be employed.
1. They feed the seals at the zoo twice a day. 2. Who wrote it? 3. Compare clothes which we have washed with clothes which any other laundry has washed. 4. He expected us to offer him the job. 5. They showed her the easiest way to do it. 6. Lightning struck the old oak. '7. Titian couldn't have painted it as people didn't wear that style of dress till after his death.
8. A jellyfish stung her. 9. The author has written a special edition for children. 10. Judges used to carry sweet herbs as a protection against jail-fever. 11. What did he write it with?-
He wrote it with a matchstick dipped in blood. 12. An uneasy silence succeeded the shot.
13. Did the idea interest you? 14. The lawyer gave him the details of his uncle's will.
15. Beavers make these dams. 16. They used to start these engines by hand. Now they start them by electricity. 17. Most people opposed this. 18. Students are doing a lot of the work.
19. The Prime Minister was to have opened the dry dock. 20. They recommended opening new factories in the depressed area. (Use should.) 21. The closure of the workshops will make a lot of men redundant. 22. Anyone with the smallest intelligence could understand these instructions. 23. We will not admit children under sixteen. 24. Boys of sixteen to eighteen are to man this training ship. 25. A rainstorm flooded the gypsies' camp. 26. The howling of wolves kept him awake all night. 27. They suggested making the tests easier. (Use should.) 28. Children couldn't have done all this damage.
. Turn the following sentences into the active voice. Where no agent is mentioned one must be supplied.
School notice: This door must be kept shut. Students must keep this door shut.
1. Why don't you have your eyes tested? (... get an optician to ... ) 2. This speed limit is to be introduced gradually. 3. The runways are being lengthened at all the main airports. 4. It is now 6 a.m. and at most of the hospitals in the country patients are being wakened with cups of tea.
5. Byron is said to have lived on vinegar and potatoes. 6. By tradition, any sturgeon that are caught by British ships must be offered to the Queen. 7. This notice has been altered. 8. The owners went away last March and since then their houseboat has been used continuously by squatters. (Use a progressive tense and omit continuously.) 9. The damaged ship was being towed into harbour when the towline broke. 10. Have a lift put in and then you won't have to climb up all these stairs. 11. Last year a profit of two million pounds was made in the first six months but this was cancelled by a loss of seventeen million pounds which was made in the second six months. 12. Evening dress will be worn. 13. The ship was put into quarantine and passengers and crew were forbidden to land. 14. Someone will have to be found to take her place. 15. He was made to surrender his passport. 16. This rumour must have been started by our opponents. 17. My paintings are to be exhibited for the first time by New Arts Gallery.
18. This scientific theory has now been proved to be false. 19. The car which was blown over the cliff yesterday is to be salvaged today. 20. The house where the dead man was found is being guarded by the police to prevent it from being entered and the evidence interfered with.
21. Why wasn't the car either locked or put into the garage? 22. It is being said that too little money is being spent by the government on roads. 23. Your money could be put to good use instead of being left idle in the bank. 24. For a long time the earth was believed to be flat.
25. This copy hasn't been read. The pages haven't been cut. 26. The stones were thrown by a student, who was afterwards led away by the police. 27. Carrier pigeons are said to have been used by early Egyptian and Greek sailors. 28. The referee was being escorted from the football field by a strong police guard.
Translate into English.
1. Эта рукопись была найдена много лет тому назад. 2. Город продолжает строиться.
3. За докладом последовало обсуждение. 4. Он получил повышение. 5. Она была уволена по сокращению штатов. 6 Ей до смерти надоело сидеть дома. 7. Пьеса основана на исторических фактах. 8. Третья серия еще снимается. 9. Его речь будет записана для передачи по радио. 10. О вашем чемодане позаботятся. 11. Входит ли сюда плата за обслуживание? 12. Нас разъединили. 13. Меня застал дождь. 14. В соседней комнате раздавался неудержимый хохот. 15. Нам было сказано ждать. 16. На статью часто ссылаются. 17. Ей предложили чашечку чая. 18 Ему показали дорогу на вокзал. 19. Она жаловалась, что к ней придираются. 20. Он всегда был объектом для шуток. 21. Ему была присуждена высокая награда. 22. Мне дали два дня на размышление. 23. Когда за ним пошлют? 24. Вам разрешили взять эти журналы домой? 25. От дурных привычек избавляются.
Translate into English.
1 Каждый год строят новые больницы. 2. Его не видели в течение недели. 3. Полиция сообщила, что убийца арестован. 4. Когда я вернулся в этот город, здание больницы еще
7. Нам посоветовали быть осторожнее. 8. Мне заплатили наличными. 9 Нам велели подождать. 10. За ним следовало два полицейских. 11. Товар не был доставлен вовремя. 12. Переговоры не будут закончены на следующей неделе. 13 Ваша статья будет опубликована в завтрашнем номере? 14. Деревня находится в горах 15. Это письмо должно быть написано сегодня. 16. Счет следует оплатить до конца месяца.
17. Это письмо следовало бы отправить авиапочтой. 18. По-английски говорят во всем мире. 19. Мэра поддержало большинство избирателей. 20. Вас предупредили.
21. Она знала, что сестра придет поздно, ее пригласили на день рождения. 22. Туристы хотели знать, кем был построен этот дворец. 23 Когда мы вошли в дом, его предложения все еще обсуждались. 24. Разве ты не понимаешь правило, которое нам только что объяснили 25 Она хотела знать, ждут ли ее еще. 26. Девушка спросила, говорю ли я по-французски, так как хотела знать, где продают билеты.
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