The passive voice/Diateza pasiva
Subiect Predicat Obiect/Complement direct
Activ My friend was watching the film.
Subiect Predicat Agent
Pasiv The film was being watched by my friend.
Numai verbele tranzitive pot fi trecute la pasiv. De asemenea, o serie de verbe tranzitive, ca have, exist, seem, fit, suit, resemble, lack nu pot fi trecute la pasiv.
Bill lives in a flat. verb intranzitiv, deci nu putem avea A flat is lived in by Bill.
Bill has a cat. verb tranzitiv, dar din categoria exceptiilor, deci nu putem avea The cat is had by Bill.
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Tenses |
Active voice |
Passive voice |
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Simple Present |
She makes dresses. |
Dresses are made. |
|
Present Continuous |
She is making a dress. |
A dress is being made. |
|
Present Perfect |
She has made a dress. |
A dress has been made. |
|
Past Simple |
She made the dress. |
The dress was made. |
|
Past Continuous |
She was making the dress. |
The dress was being made. |
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Past Perfect |
She had made the dress. |
The dress had been made. |
|
Future |
She will make a dress |
The dress will be made. |
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Conditional |
She would make the dress. |
The dress would be made. |
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Conditional Perfect |
She would have made the dress. |
The dress would have been made . |
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Present Infinitive |
She ought to make the dress. |
The dress ought to be made. |
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Perfect Infinitive |
She ought to have made the dress. |
The dress ought to have been made. |
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Gerund |
He hates people asking him to sing. |
He hates being asked to sing. |
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Gerund Perfect |
He remembers his boss having praised him. |
He remembers having been praised by the boss. |
Agentul este omis in atunci cand: a. este un pronume b. este reprezentat de cuvinte ca someone, one, people, somebody. c. poate fi dedus cu usurinta din context. Agentul nu este omis atunci cand este important pentru sensul enuntului, sau cand avem de-a face cu o persoana anume/importanta.
The film was directed by Steven Spielberg.
Anumite verbe au doua complemente directe, de aceea pasivul lor poate fi format in doua moduri: allow, ask, give, lend, send, bring, show, teach,promise, buy, sell, read, offer, give.
Activ Pasiv
He showed me the way to the door. I was shown the way to the door.
The way to the door was shown to me.
Pasivul unor verbe precum assume, believe, consider, feel, know, report, say, think, understand se formeaza in doua moduri:
a. It + passive + that-clause They believe she is a spy.
It is believed that she is a spy.
b. Subiect + passive + to – infinitive. They believe she is a spy.
She is believed to be a spy.
Pentru a formula intrebari la diateza pasiva, urmam aceleasi reguli ca pentru enunturi, fiind atenti la faptul ca verbul este la interogativ (ordinea cuvintelor intr-o intrebare).
Have they answered the letter yet?
Has the letter been answered yet?
Verbele care sunt obligatoriu urmate de anumite prepozitii si phrasal verbs la pasiv prepozitia este plasata imediat dupa verb.
They talked about her behind her back.
She was talked about behind her back.
Let devine be allowed to daca este trecut la pasiv.
The teacher let the children play in the playground.
The children were allowed to play in the playground.
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