The group of mass media include of course also press - that are newspapers and magazines (journals). All people like to read newspapers for get more information or sometimes just for relax. But more newspapers are read in Britain than in any other European country. Some people buy press every day when they got to work in news stall. We can buy daily pr 15415x2317p ess or periodicals. We can also pay for subscription.

There are two types of newspaper:

a) tabloids (e.g.: The Sun, The Daily Mirror, The Daily Star, The Sport, The Daily Mail and The Daily Express; tabloids published on Sundays are The News of the World, The People)

These newspapers bring gossips and short reports. There are short articles where headlines are big and newspapers have more colours. They have lots of stories about famous people. There is lot of photos and less text. They are cheaper than broadsheets, but The Times are now the cheapest national newspaper.

b) Broadsheets (e.g.: The Times, The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian - it has a tabloid page; The Independent, The Daily Telegraph, The Sunday Times)

These newspapers are serious and they have editorial. They bring accurate information and reliable reports. They are long article with details and lots of information. Headlines and photos are smaller than in tabloids, with fewer colours.

In newspapers are different sections. In tabloids are these sections very mixed up and in broadsheets these sections have their fixed places. These sections are:

on the first, leader page are: in tabloids is there big malicious gossip or other the most interesting information

In broadsheets is news from the home or foreign affairs

business and commercial section - it's page of serious newspapers

advertisements - in TV are called commercials

gossip page - in tabloids

Agony page - in tabloids; its page, where reader can read about people's problems a where journalist offers advice and help. It's also called problem page, which us typical in weekend's newspapers.

jokes, crossword puzzles, comics and cartoons - it's entertainment section (e.g.: in The Daily Mirror is "Andy Capp")

cultural section - news from culture and higher society

sport's section - at the end

Newspapers can contain these things - editorial, short newspaper essays, different articles, commentaries, reports, interviews etc.

We can read about a lot of kinds of crimes: murder, robbery, high jacking, blackmail, ransom, kidnapping, assassination, suicide, rape, abused, sexual harassment, bribery, and corruption. Than also about disaster of mankind: overpopulation, epidemic diseases, famine, incurable diseases, crop failure, floods.

Sorts of magazines are serious, special, general, women's and teenager's.

There are typical language features of the press. Newspaperman use vocabulary of colloquial and sang expressions. Headlines and in condensed form and is little bit difficult to now want is article about, but what isn't clear is explained in the first sentence. Unimportant words are left out (articles, verbs "to have", "to be"). Frequently are use abbreviations (e.g., m. mm - million, mph - miles per hour) and metaphors. Nouns are accumulated and the present tense is used for the past.

Press and me

Our family subscribe only Agricultural Newspapers regularly. Sometimes my parents buy Folk Newspapers or Evening Paper Prague. My father likes to read magazines about jets and planes. Not often read I newspapers but I like to read fashion, music and film magazines. My sister buys Cinema and Elle and cosmopolitan so I read it also. I but Rolling Stone. We don't buy tabloids but sometimes it lends us our friends so we read it but only for relaxation and for fun. I also sometimes lend from my friends teenager's magazines like Girl or Bravo.

Mass media serve for transport of information. We may define newspapers, TV and radio broadcasting, magazines, meeting of persons as well as the most modern way that has recently been developed - internet. For such way of communication one needs the computer and connection to the world wide net of the same name. The number of families having PC or places where PC is installed has been increased considerably during the past several years. Many schools have established the special classes equipped with computers what enables the students to learn how to operate computers. There are also many places - so called internet coffee bars - where anybody can use computer and be connected to internet for very low fee.

Internet as such has been developed in USA where is also the highest population of computers at home, in schools as well as in offices. The second country where the population of PCs is very high is Japan, followed by Germany, Sweden and other West-European countries. During the last decade the number of PCs in our republic has also been increased what is very important especially for young people having then the chance to situate themselves in modern jobs.

Internet is the most modern way of communication. When being connected then it is very easy to choose what information is needed and by means of call-word the required information appears on screen in many different applications. Then it is only necessary to select the correct one and to find out what is sought for.

Today era bring us many kinds of media. I begin with the oldest kind of media. So, one of the oldest are newspapers. First newspapers appear in 17th century, after Johaness Gutenberg discovered printing in 1450. We can divide newspapers to several groups from their sight. We know newspapers general (such as Mlada Fronta), special (such as Computer World), and funny (such as Dikobraz). We can find much information in this media in newspapers is many columns with articles and this make-up is very good for reading. Interesting articles have big headings and these headings use special bold font. Some pages are used to advertising of companies or peoples. Majority of media is financed from advertising. I prefer rather newspapers with technical sights such as Computer World or Computer. I like articles about new technologies and articles with reviews of computer's products. Continuators of newspapers are magazines. They have same sights as newspapers, but they are printed on better paper then newspapers and they issue in month's period. I read special magazines, such as Chip or Software's news. These magazines have about 200 pages full of news form world of computer's technologies. One of my favourite parts of these magazines is column Tip's and column Practise. Some magazines companion CD ROM's with demonstration's version of software, which is reviewed in issue.
Next important media are radio and television. I begin with radio. This media is distributed during radio waves. Transmission contents news, music, advertising or some funny programmes. In Czech Republic exist many radio's stations, we can divided them to two groups - to state and private. One of state's stations is Radiozurnal. I prefer private stations, because I like music and relaxation. One of my favourite is Europe 2 and Radio 1.
Majority of people but prefer television. This media is very young, first TV transmission was in our republic in 1954. Now exist many TV channels. We can divide them, such as radio stations, to two groups. First group are state channels, such as Czech Television with her two channels - Czech Television 1 and 2. These channels are financed from charge, which we pay for each TV box in our flats. Main task of these channels is to inform and educate people. Next part of channels are channels private. In Czech Republic exist two private's channels - Nova and Prima. These channels are financed from advertising. Next group of channels are satellite's channels. I can appoint from famous Music Television - famous MTV. Special group are cable's channels. I must pay monthly charge, if we can watch these channels. I can appoint from famous channel HBO.
Today era bring us many technological innovations, and so we discovered new kinds of media. One of the youngest is Internet. It is international network of computers. Some computers - called servers - are used to share information. Thanks service World Wide Web we can using our web client view information placed on web's pages. These pages contain text and graphics and are connected with site of hypertext jumps between pages. For example, if I want know facts about expedition to Mars, I write to my web client address of NASA server and in 2 seconds I have on my computer screen page with required facts. Each internet user have own email address and so I can send letter to my friends in USA in minute. We can talk during this network in real time. In United States have internet connection many families, but our monopolistic Telecom defend its price expansion of Internet.

Today I want to speak about mass Medias - also we can speak about TV, different newspapers and magazines, radio or internet - there are source of information and communication. Everyone choose form of information according to his or her choice. We can compare these mass Medias according to advantages, disadvantages, how it was in the past and how it in is nowadays. I can begin for example with TV. Almost each family has one or more television at home and almost every day exist program which we want to see. The information is the most quickly in television, we don't spend time with reading, we can only listen and see pictures. I don't watch TV so much because I don't have enough time for it. But everyday I prepare coffee with my parents at seven o'clock and us watch on the evening news. When I am not at home, I come later I can find the information on the teletext. If I want to rest, I borrow some interesting film. But we have two disadvantages. The first is that we have not television everywhere, just at home; we can't take it with me. The second is that small children watch more TV, they don't create fantasy as by nice book - the programs for children are not so good, I think.

The radio can we carry everywhere, if the radio is small. In Czech Republic a lot of radio stations, we can listen what we want. A lot of people want to contact radio and say own opinion on the theme, some people call by favourite song, we can get congratulations to radio and so one. Problem is that we can't listen our favourite station on the all parts in republic because we must have signal. But we listen it in the cars, it is better when we go by car alone and we can't speak with anyone.

Newspaper is the oldest source of information and almost everyone read it. The reading is very important to education and to knowledge in political and sociable life. I see only advantages. I read often critics and opinions from journalist but sometimes it could be problems because they could get inexact information. We buy newspaper everywhere and we can carry with me everywhere. The newspaper in the past was only source of information about cultural life, sport, political situation and so one. But not everyone have money for buy them so they must bank on title - tattles from their neighbours. TV, radio and special internet are inventions of present day. Nowadays are newspapers very enlarged and each must have money to buy them.

Internet is the most popular and the news in present day. I can find on them everything what I want from a lot of states in the world. The information is very fast but sometimes could be not so exact. I can find and read information in all languages. If we need this information, we printed and save them. But for example I have disadvantages, I don't have connection and I think that many people don't have them yet because the prizes in nowadays are always high.

At home we read the newspapers so lot. We have subscription on Mladá Fronta Dnes and for me and my mother the magazine Ring. On Thursday we buy newspaper Vysočina too in order to know information from our edge and from our town. I read newspaper if I have enough time. The newspapers contain the news from Czech Republic, from the world, cultural and political life, and news from sport, horoscope and crossword. I usually read horoscope, about cultural life and news from whole the world and I solve the crosswords.

I listen radio every day but I don't listen thoughtfully, I like music very much and I turn radio if I learn. But at six or seven o'clock I heard a short news.

I don't use internet so often because we haven't it at home. Internet is very important but in the present day so expensive. I use internet only in mother's work and at school. We can be happy that we have this possibility at school.

I think that the British newspapers are a little bit different from our newspaper. The British one has very short news, only with facts - without critics. They write about disasters, accidents, scandals and so one. As in the Czech Republic, we can separate two sorts of paper - quality paper and popular paper. British daily newspapers are usually published six times a week. There are two main kinds of national newspaper. The most popular are referred to as tabloid. They are usually relatively cheap, for example - The Daily Mirror, The sun. The Daily Star, The Daily mail or News of the world are other popular daily tabloids. They contain a lot of big colour pictures, very big advertisement and tittles. They do not contain much serious news and many of the stories they published are not true, for example The Sport is well - known for its completely unbelievable front page stories.

The broadsheets are very different, they are much larger, and have fewer photographs and more serious news stories. They are also more expensive, for example The Independent, The Daily Telegraph. Like The Times, it is well - known for being rather conservative and their readers are generally older than the readers of The Independent and The Guardians. These latter papers are also less conservative. Most of the daily broadsheet newspapers have two sections. The Sunday broadsheets are often even bigger and have many sections. The Sunday Times is the largest of the papers and it would be surprising if any body managed to read all of the paper on a Sunday. The main section of the paper contains the most important news. There will be separate sections for home news and for internationals news. But many people read local paper. They are usually dailies and are often delivered in the evening.

THE BRITISH MASS MEDIA

Newspapers, radio, television, Internet and the other media are very important for us. We can get through them the newest information from the whole world even if we are in the remotest village. Some people disown media, but they are very important to keep this world working.

Newspapers

Newspapers are the oldest of the mass media (has been there from the end of the 17th century). We can divide the daily press in the UK into two groups: the quality press and popular press (tabloids).

1. The quality papers are distinguishable easily by the unimpressive, but not confusing graphic. They could be described by the words: well written, thick and serious. They speak about current affairs and give entire and mostly impartial look of the situation. The most important papers are The Times (founded by John Walter I on January 1st, 1788), The Independent, The Guardian, and The Telegraph.

2. The popular papers have fewer pages, are written with a simple language and have very short articles with big headlines and many photos and illustrations. I think they are addressed for "not very educated" people, because I can hardly imagine somebody sophisticated with The Sun in his hands :-).

The most important are The Sun, The Daily Mail, and The Daily Mirror.

To the special kind of press, which comes out only on Sunday, belong The Observer and The Sunday Times. One issue is as thick as the issues for the whole week of any Czech press and costs approximately the same...

In the United Kingdom we can also find many kinds of magazines. They cover many different interests groups: women, men, girls, fans of sports, gardening, cooking, computers, music, nudity etc.

Lots of them offer free gifts to tempt the readers.

Radio

In Britain radio and television broadcasting is mainly provided by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), which has four radio and television channels.

The radio (and later the TV) - provided by the BBC - has been broadcasting since 1927. After the 2nd world war a commercial company was set up. It's called ITV (The Independent Television).

We can recognize four national channels in Britain (all by BBC):

Radio 1 presents pop music and rock. Radio 2 is a light program for all age groups. Radio 3 plays the classical music and Radio 4 offers news and discussions about current international and national affairs. When I was in London I used to listen to a local Radio Kiss, which is similar to the Czech Radio 1 - 91.9fm.

Television

There is good choice of television channels in Britain. The television started to broadcast in 1936. The main TV domain BBC has an opponent in the ITV. The difference between them is that the income of the BBC is from the sale of television licenses and there is no advertising, the service of the ITV is financed by the advertisements. I would compare it with the situation between Czech TV and TV Nova in the Czech Republic.

The most important channels are BBC1, BBC2, ITV, Channel 4 & 5, and Anglia and satellite Sky channels.