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The Zen Timer Pro Uint
Revision 2.7
Written by Vadim Bodrov, TMT Development Corporation
Copyright (C) 1995-99 TMT Development Corporation
All rights reserved.
Original C/C++ Code by Kendall Bennett, SciTech 151m1217b Software
Portions Copyright (C) 1991-1997 SciTech Software, Inc.
All rights reserved.
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ABOUT ZENTIMER UNIT
ZTIMER.PAS is a full-featured port to TMT Pascal of ZTimer library by
SciTech Software.
FEATURES
þ High resolution Zen Timer (based on code frombook "Zen of Assembly
Language" Volume 1, Knowledge by Michael Abrash).
þ Ultra long Zen Timer (interface to the BIOS Timer Tick for timing code
that takes up to 24 hours).
þ RDTSC support (uses supports the Intel RDTSC instruction, for high
precision timing).
þ Routines to obtain CPU information.
þ LZTimer and ULZTimer objects (provide a set of Pascal objects to
manipulate the Zen Timers).
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
This unit required an IBM PC or compatible with Intel 80386 or higher
processur.
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
This ZenTimer unit can be compiled with TMT Pascal (32-bit protected mode
DOS compiler). Supports following extenders:
- DOS32 v3.3
- PMODE-based
- PMODE/W-based
- WDOSX-based
ZENTIMER UNIT REFERENCE
This text based on MegaGraph Graphics Library Reference Manual Copyright (c)
1996 SciTech Software Inc.
procedure LZDelay (Value: DWord)
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Delays a specified number of 1e-6 sec.
function LZTimerCount: DWord
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Returns the current count for the Long Period Zen Timer.
Return Value
Count that has elapsed in microseconds.
Description
Returns the current count that has elapsed between calls to LZTimerOn and
LZTimerOff in microseconds.
procedure ZTimerInit
ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß
Initializes the Zen Timer library.
Description
This function initializes the Zen Timer library, and must be called before
any of the remaining Zen Timer library functions are called.
function LZTimerLap: DWord
ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß
Returns the current count for the Long Period Zen Timer and keeps it running.
Return Value
Count that has elapsed in microseconds.
Description
Returns the current count that has elapsed since the last call to LZTimerOn
in microseconds. The time continues to run after this function is called so
you can call this function repeatedly.
procedure LZTimerOff
ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß
Stops the Long Period Zen Timer counting.
Description
Stops the Long Period Zen Timer counting and latches the count. Once you have
stopped the timer you can read the count with LZTimerCount. If you need
highly accurate timing, you should use the on and off functions rather than
the lap function since the lap function does not subtract the overhead of
the function calls from the timed count.
procedure LZTimerOn
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Starts the Long Period Zen Timer counting.
Description
Starts the Long Period Zen Timer counting. Once you have started the timer,
you can stop it with LZTimerOff or you can latch the current count with
LZTimerLap.
The Long Period Zen Timer uses a number of different high precision timing
mechanisms to obtain microsecond accurate timings results whenever possible.
The following different techniques are used depending on the runtime
environment and CPU on the target machine. If the target system has a Pentium
CPU installed which supports the Read Time Stamp Counter instruction (RDTSC),
the Zen Timer library will use this to obtain the maximum timing precision
available.
If the Pentium RDTSC instruction is not available, we then do all timing
using the old style 8253 timer chip. The 8253 timer routines provide highly
accurate timings results in pure DOS mode, however in a DOS box under Windows
or other Operating Systems the virtualization of the timer can produce
inaccurate results.
-------- ----- ------ -------- ----- ------ -----------
Note: Because the Long Period Zen Timer stores the results in a 32-bit
unsigned integer, you can only time periods of up to 2^32 microseconds,
or about 1hr 20mins. For timing longer periods use the Ultra Long
Period Zen Timer.
-------- ----- ------ -------- ----- ------ -----------
function LZTimerResolution: Double
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Returns the resolution of the Ultra Long Period Zen Timer.
Return Value
Resolution of the timer in seconds per timer count.
Description
Returns the resolution of the Long Period Zen Timer as a floating point
value measured in seconds per timer count. This function always returns 1e-6.
procedure ULZDelay (Value: DWord)
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Delays a specified number of 0.054925 sec.
function ULZElapsedTime(start, finish: DWord): DWord
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Compute the elapsed time between two timer counts.
Parameters
start Starting time for elapsed count
finish Ending time for elapsed count
Return Value
Elapsed timer in resolution counts.
Description
Returns the elapsed time for the Ultra Long Period Zen Timer in units of the
timers resolution (1/18th of a second under DOS). This function correctly
computes the difference even if a midnight boundary has been crossed during
the timing period.
function ULZReadTime: DWord
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Reads the current time from the Ultra Long Period Zen Timer.
Return Value
Current timer value in resolution counts.
Description
Reads the current Ultra Long Period Zen Timer and returns it_s current count.
You can use the ULZElapsedTime function to find the elapsed time between two
timer count readings.
function ULZTimerCount: DWord
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Returns the current count for the Ultra Long Period Zen Timer.
Return Value
Count that has elapsed in resolution counts.
Description
Returns the current count that has elapsed between calls to ULZTimerOn and
ULZTimerOff in resolution counts.
function ULZTimerLap: DWord
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Returns the current count for the Ultra Long Period Zen Timer and keeps it
running.
Return Value
Count that has elapsed in resolution counts.
Description
Returns the current count that has elapsed since the last call to ULZTimerOn
in microseconds. The time continues to run after this function is called so
you can call this function repeatedly.
procedure ULZTimerOff
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Stops the Long Period Zen Timer counting.
Description
Stops the Ultra Long Period Zen Timer counting and latches the count. Once
you have stopped the timer you can read the count with ULZTimerCount.
procedure ULZTimerOn
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Starts the Ultra Long Period Zen Timer counting.
Description
Starts the Ultra Long Period Zen Timer counting. Once you have started the
timer, you can stop it with ULZTimerOff or you can latch the current count
with ULZTimerLap.
The Ultra Long Period Zen Timer uses the available operating system services
to obtain accurate timings results with as much precision as the operating
system provides, but with enough granularity to time longer periods of time
than the Long Period Zen Timer. Note that the resolution of the timer ticks
is not constant between different platforms, and you should use the
ULZTimerResolution function to determine the number of seconds in a single
tick of the timer, and use this to convert the timer counts to seconds.
Under 32-bit DOS, we use the system timer tick which runs at 18.2 times per
second. Given that the timer count is returned as an unsigned 32-bit integer,
this we can time intervals that are a maximum of 2^32 * (1/18.2) in length
(or about 65,550 hours or 2731 days!).
function ULZTimerResolution: Double
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Returns the resolution of the Ultra Long Period Zen Timer.
Return Value
Resolution of the timer in seconds per timer count.
Description
Returns the resolution of the Ultra Long Period Zen Timer as a floating
point value measured in seconds per timer count. This function always
returns 0.054925.
function CPU_getCPUIDFeatures: DWord
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Returns CPUID festures (family/model/stepping/features).
function CPU_getProcessorSpeed: DWord
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Returns the speed of the processor in Mhz.
Return Value
Processor speed in Mhz.
Description
This function returns the speed of the CPU in Mhz. Note that if the speed
cannot be determined, this function will return 0.
function CPU_getProcessorType: DWord
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Returns the type of processor in the system.
Return Value
Numerical identifier for the installed processor
Description
Returns the type of processor in the system. Note that if the CPU is an
unknown Pentium family processor that we don't have an enumeration for, the
return value will be greater than or equal to the value of CPU_UnkPentium
(depending on the value returned by the CPUID instruction).
Following constans are defined:
CPU_unknown = 0; -- Unknown proccessor
CPU_i386 = 1; -- Intel 80386 processor
CPU_i486 = 2; -- Intel 80486 processor
CPU_Pentium = 3; -- Intel Pentium(R) processor
CPU_PentiumPro = 4; -- Intel PentiumPro(R) processor
CPU_PentiumII = 5; -- Intel PentiumII(R) processor
CPU_UnkPentium = 6; -- Unknown Intel Pentium family processor
Also defined CpuTypes array strings.
CpuTypes: array [0..6] of string =
(
'Unknown',
'Intel 80386',
'Intel 80486',
'Intel Pentium(R)',
'Intel PentiumPro(R)',
'Intel PentiumII(R)',
'Unknown Pentium'
);
function CPU_haveMMX: Boolean
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Returns true if the processor supports Intel MMX extensions.
Return Value
True if MMX is available, false if not.
Description
This function determines if the processor supports the Intel MMX extended
instruction set. If the processor is not an Intel or Intel clone CPU, this
function will always return false.
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