Super Structures: Eurotunnel

Super Structures: Eurotunnel

Pay attention and answer the following:

1. Where is it located? (English Channel)
2. How many engineers worked on this project? (13000)
3. What record does it hold? (the longe 19519s1816t st undersea tunnel in the world)
4. Was there human sacrifice made? (yes)
5. When was the first channel tunnel built? (1802)
6. What did Adolph Hitler attempt to do? (he attempted to build a tunnel near Calais in France)
7. What was war replaced by? (commerce)
8. How was the project regarded at the beginning? (it was destined for failure, a nightmare, something that could not be achieved)
9. Was the diameter of the tunnel decided before work started? (no)
10. Was there public opposition to this project? Why? (yes, the environmental impact)
11. How many tunnels were designed? (3 parallel tunnels)
12. How long was the tunnel, in km (56)?
13. How many km were under sea? (38)
14. When did the project
    
    

    
    
    began? 1986
15. How deep beneath the sea were the engineers supposed to dig? (100m)
16. Where was the chewing machine constructed? (Seattle, Washington)
17. What is a TBM? (Tunnel Boring Machine)
18. How long and how heavy was the machine built for drilling? (250m long -15000 tones)
19. What was its diameter? (50m)
20. How were the TMBs moved forward (with the help of some hydraulic rams-berbec)
21. How many TMBs were created? (11)
22. What did the French engineers have to do? (built the TMBs part submarine)
23. What is the difference between the British and the French regarding their style of working? (the French know exactly what they have to do before starting the project, the British will learn that as the job progresses)
24. What was the first problem the engineers encountered? (assembling the machines)
25. What was carried on the conveyor belt outside the tunnel? (debris, spoil - resturi, moloz)
26. What were the rings in the tunnel made of? (specially reinforced concrete)
27. What happened in May 1988? (the boring machined started to break down, were destroyed due to the salt water corrosion)
28. What did the engineers use to make sure that they can stay on track and meet in the middle with the other team? (laser beam guiding system)
29. What was the record achieved by a TBM (1000m/month)
30. How old was the first victim of the tunnel and how did he die? (19, crushed by locomotive carrying spoil from the site)
31. How is the new system created exclusively for the tunnel called? (Le Shuttle)
32. How long were the trains and what were they transporting? (half a mile long; cars and trunks)
33. Which is the other record achieved while building this tunnel? (the most powerful locomotives in the world)
34. What was the speed reached by the trains outside the tunnel and inside it? (300/160km)
35. What happened to the British TBMs
    before reaching the French ones? (they got off course and were buried in the ground)
36. How did the two teams feel when they met in the tunnel? (very happy, Europeans)
37. How many years did it take to built the first tunnel? (3 years)
38. What didn't the engineers have in view when designing the tunnel? (the force of friction creating temperatures over 60 degrees C)
39. What solution did they find for the heat in the tunnel? (a system of pipes with chilled running water to cool the temperature)
40. What is the size of the terminal in Calais? (18 km perimeter and 50 km of railway and roadway)
41. Where is the control point station (at Folksestone in England)
42. When was the northern tunnel completed? (1991)
43. What were created besides the 3 tunnels? (9 smaller access tunnels were created besides the three ones)
44. Who traveled from England to France when the tunnel was opened and how did she travel back? (Queen Elisabeth, in her Rolls Royce in the shuttle)
45. Was the tunnel a big success in the beginning, meaning that it was used by a lot of people? (usage below expectations)
46. What was the cost of the tunnel? (21 billion $)
47. What happened in the tunnel soon after it opened? What catastrophe? (a fire burst)
48. What did this accident trigger/produce? (the public lost their confidence)
49. How many lives were lost while building this tunnel? (12 people)
50. Was the cost of the tunnel regained? (no, they didn't have in view the financial goal)
51. How many years did it take to complete the tunnel? (6 years)