Predicatul este partea propozitiei care exprima ceea ce se spune despre subiect, raspunzând la întrebarea: What is said about the subject? Ce se spune despre subiect?
A perfect Judge will read each work of Wit
With the same spirit that its author writ.
Avându-se în vedere natura complexa a verbului (fara de care nu poate exista predicat), clasificarea predicatelor se va face pe baza str 12412v2115m ucturii (a compunerii) si a continutului, concomitent:
Predicatul simplu, care poate fi:
1) predicat verbal simplu, exprimat printr-un singur verb notional (la un timp simplu sau compus):
I wish I had known it was your birthday.
2) predicat verbal de tipul "there is":
There were three ladies play'd at the ba'...
3) predicat frazeologic sau al grupului verbal, exprimat printr-o locutiune verbala:
He took part in the debats.
Predicatul compus, care poate fi:
1) predicat nominal, exprimat printr-un verb de legatura si un nume predicativ:
Good name in man and woman, dear my lord,
Is the immediate jewel of their souls.
Numele predicativ poate fi exprimat
a) printr-un substantiv, pronume sau numeral:
He is an engineer.
Who is she?
It is we.
Wr Are Seven.
b) printr-un adjectiv sau participiu trecut:
Mr. Cobbett is hardly right in saying that the
first word that occurs is always the best.
Remember me when I am gone away,
Gone far away into that silent land...
c) printr-un substantiv sau pronume cu prepozitie:
Thy soul was like a star...
d) printr-un infinitiv sau constructie infinitivala:
Our intention is to go there next summer.
e) printr-o propozitie:
The bad point is that I've lost the key.
2) predicat verbal compus modal, format dintr-un verb modal defectiv (dupa unii gramaticieni si nedefectiv) si infinitivul verbului notional:
Spend not where you may save; spare not where
you must spend.
3) predicat verbal compus aspectiv, format dintr-un verb care exprima ideea de începere (to begin, to start), de continuare (to continue, to go on, to keep) sau de încheiere (to finish, to stop), de asemenea de frecventa (preteritul used si would si prezent-viitorul will) si infinitivul, în unele cazuri forme verbale în -ing:
When did you begin to learn/learning English?
Predicatul complex, caracterizat prin condensarea a doua predicate într-unul singur, ca în:
The moon rose red.
(The moon rose and it was red, sau: The moon was red when it rose).
He returned a grown-up man.
(When he returned he was a grown-up man.)
I found him tired.
(When I saw him, I found that he was tired).
Verbul care devine predicat sau face parte din predicat se acorda în numar si persoana cu subiectul:
I am a pupil.
We are pupils.
Pentru acordul substantivelor comune cu verbul, v. paragrafele anterioare.
Alte cazuri:
1) Substantivele proprii se acorda în numar cu verbul predicat. Substantivele proprii nume de tari la plural ca The United States sau The Netherlands se acorda de cele mai multe ori cu verbul la singular.
2) Substantivele individuale la singular determinate de adjectivul arhaizant sau poetic many a cer verbul la singular:
Full many a flower is born to blush unseen...
3) Doua substantive la singular legate prin either... or..., neither... nor..., not only... but also..., as well as, no less than sau like sunt, de obicei, urmate de un verb la singular:
Neither Hardy or Galsworthy has a simple style.
4) Verbul la singular este cerut de adjectivele each, every, either, neither si de pronumele each, each one, either, neither, somebody, everybody, nobody etc.:
Is everybody present?
Neither method is good.
Nobody was aware of it.
Either is available. (Fiecare este disponibil).
dar:
Either are available. (Amândoi sunt disponibili)
5) None cere verbul la singular când înseamna
a) nici unul, nici una sau
b) nici un om, nici o persoana, nimeni; si la plural, când înseamna "nici unii", "nici unele", "nimeni":
None (of the newspapers) has appeared today.
None knows the weight of another's burthen.
None have been so useful as they.
6) Who se acorda cu singularul sau pluralul, în functie de intentiile vorbitorului:
Who is he?
Who are they?
The man who is...
Those who are...
7) Subiectele coordonate cer verbul la plural; dar, dupa here si there, ca elemente introductive în propozitie, atunci când doua sau mai multe subiecte sunt legate prin coordonare, iar primul din ele este la singular, verbul este tot la singular:
There was much surprise and indignation when
they heard that Paul had lied.
8) Dupa infinitive coordonate verbul este, de obicei, la singular:
To work in the field and to compose songs while
following the plough was Robert Burn's main
delight.
9) Subiectele compuse cer verbul la singular:
A great poet and evolutionist was lost when he died.
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