Caracteristici generale :

exprima atitudinea subiectului fata de actiunea pe care o savārseste ( eu pot, vreau, sunt īn stare, am permisiunea

au aceeasi forma la toate persoanele;

formeaza interogativul prin inversiune si negativul cu not dupa verb;

sunt urmate de infinitivul scurt; 22122v219w

au aceeasi forma de sine statatoare doar la prezent, iar pentru celelalte timpuri si moduri exista

pentru sensul de baza nr. 1 ī n l o c u i t o r i m o d a l i

VERBUL

ASPECTE TEORETICE

E X E M P L E

c a n

= a putea, a fi capabil, a fi īn stare

I can swimm. = Pot sa īnot. ; stiu sa īnot.

Inlocuitori modali = could

to be able to

could + vb. = capacitate permanenta īn trecut

was( were ) able to = capacitate de a depasi un  

obstacol momentan

I could swimm when I was 7.
I will be able to drive soon.

They could play the piano 20 years ago.

I were able to go when the rain had  

stoped.

Can + vb. de perceptie senzoriala =

prezentul continuu al verbului

I can see someone in the street.

I can hear a noise in here.

Sensul

al II - lea

La interogativ exprima posibilitatea

Can he be so rude ?! = E posibil sa fie

asa de nepoliticos ?!

La negativ exprima imposibilitatea

He can't be as rude as that. = Nu poate fi

atīt de nepoliticos.

m a y

= a permite, a da voie

You may go with your friends, son.

In vorbirea obisnuita la interogativ se foloseste c a n

Can I borrow your pencil ?

Inlocuitori modali = to be allowed to

to be permited to

They weren't allowed to go to the beach.

Sensul

al II - lea

Posibilitatea, mai aproape de adevar

Might exprima posibilit. mai īndepartata

Alte exprimari ale posibilitatii pot fi prin: perhaps, maybe, possibily, it's posible, it's not very likely.

m u s t

= necesitate imperioasa

Inlocuitor modal = to have to

He had to do that! You'll have to learn!

la prezent: must = necesitate īnteleasa

have to = necesitate impusa

I must do my homework.

You have to stay here until boss comes !

must not = interdictie

You mustn't drink iced water, you'll have a sore throat again !

need = necesitate slaba,

"este nevoie sa"

You needn't cross the street becouse there is a restaurant on this side.

Sensul

al II - lea

= probabilitate:   probably, obviosly,

certanly, surely, to be likely

He must be far by now. = Probabil ca e

departe acum.

They are likely to come. = Probabil ca

vor veni