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Nr. crt |
Numele constructiei verbale |
Ce arata |
Cum se formeaza |
Exemple |
Echivalen-tul romanesc |
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1. |
Timpul Prezent Simplu (Present tense simple) |
O actiune prezenta, generala: o stare permanenta etc. |
S+V |
They play tennis every week. Tim likes to watch TV. |
Indicativ, present simplu |
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a) |
forma interogativa (interrogative) |
O intrebare |
Do/does+S+V? |
Do you like the picture? Does he want to come? | |
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b) |
forma negativa (negative) |
O propozitie negativa |
S+do/does+not+V |
I don't like the picture. She doesn't play the piano. | |
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2. |
Timpul Prezent Continuu (Present tense continuous) |
O actiune care se desfasoara in momentul vorbirii; are si sens de viitor apropiat |
S+am/are/is+V-ing |
Somebody is singing next door. We are leaving soon. |
Indicativ, present simplu, viitor |
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a) |
forma interogativa (interrogative) |
O intrebare |
Am/are/is+s+V-ing? |
Are they eating now? Is he coming tomorrow? | |
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b) |
forma negativa (negative) |
O propozitie negativa |
S+am/are/is+not+V-ing |
You are not telling the truth I am not going with you tonight. | |
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3. |
Timpul Trecut Simplu (Past tense simple) |
O actiune desfasurata intr-un moment bine definit din trecut si incheiata |
S+V-ed (vb.regulate)+V II (vb neregulate) |
They learned English when they were in Tom wrote a nice poem when he was in love. |
Indicativ perfect compus |
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a) |
forma interogativa (interrogative) |
O intrebare |
Did+S+V? |
Did you see him yesterday? | |
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b) |
forma negativa (negative) |
O propozitie negativa |
S+did+not+V |
Mary did not (didn't) want to come with us. | |
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4. |
Timpul Trecut Continuu (Past tense continuous) |
O actiune care s-a desfasurat in mod continuu si neintrerupt inr-o perioada de timp bine definita din trecut, sau in acelasi timp cu una sau mai multe actiuni tot din trecut. |
S+was/were+V-ing |
Yesterday they were sleeping when he called on them. |
Indicativ,imperfect |
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a) |
forma interogativa (interrogative) |
O intrebare |
Was/were+S+V-ing? |
What was he doing when you met him last week. | |
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b) |
forma negativa (negative) |
O propozitie negativa |
S+was/were+not+V-ing |
She was not (wasn't) writing her homework, she was listening to music. | |
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5. |
Timpul Prezent Perfect (Present perfect simple) |
O actiune care s-a desfasurat intr-un trecut apropiat , este nedefinita in timp si are legatura cu prezentul |
S+has/have+V-ed/III |
We have just finished our work. He has never seen a fox. |
Indicativ,perfect compus |
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a) |
forma interogativa (interrogative) |
O intrebare |
Have/has+ S+V-ed/III |
Have you eaten your cake? | |
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b) |
forma negativa (negative) |
O propozitie negativa |
S+have/has+not+V-ed/III |
The have not (haven,t) arrived yet. | |
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6. |
Timpul present perfect continuu (Present perfect continuous) |
O actiune care a inceput de curand si se desfasoara in mod continuu si neintrerupt pana in prezent. |
S+has/have+been+Ving |
The children have been playing for two hours. |
Indicativ prezent |
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a) |
forma interogativa (interrogative) |
O intrebare |
Have/has+ S+been+ Ving |
Since when have you been reading? | |
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b) |
forma negativa (negative) |
O propozitie negativa |
S+has/have+not+been+ Ving |
They haven't been waiting long. | |
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7. |
Timpul Trecut Perfect (Past perfect simple) |
O actiune trecuta anterioara unei actiuni tot din trecut |
S+had+Ved/III |
They had got your letter before I met them. |
Indicativ - mai mult ca perfect |
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a) |
forma interogativa (interrogative) |
O intrebare |
Had+ S+V-ed/III |
Had they arrived home before you got there | |
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b) |
forma negativa (negative) |
O propozitie negativa |
S+had+not+V-ed/III |
The children had not seen a lion before they went to the Zoo. | |
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8. |
Timpul trecut perfect continuu (Past perfect continuous) |
O actiune care a inceput intr-un moment din trecut si s-a desfasurat in mod continuu si neintrerupt pana intr-un moment tot din trecut. |
S+had+been+Ving |
The audience had been waiting for half an hour when the shoe began. |
Indicativ- imperfect(mai mult ca perfect) |
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a) |
forma interogativa (interrogative) |
O intrebare |
Had+S+been+Ving? |
Had they been playing before we arrived? | |
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b) |
forma negativa (negative) |
O propozitie negativa |
S+had+not+been+Ving |
We had not been reading long when she entered. | |
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9. |
Timpul viitor simplu (Future Simple Tense) |
O actiune care se va desfasura intr-un moment din viitor. |
S +shall/will +V( shall - I,we) |
We shall do everything we can. They will come tomorrow |
Indicativ - viitor simplu |
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a) |
forma interogativa (interrogative) |
O intrebare |
Shall/will+S+V? |
Shall we go now? Will you come too? | |
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b) |
forma negativa (negative) |
O propozitie negativa |
S+shall/will+not+V |
I shall not drink anything. I am sure Tom will not tell you the truth. | |
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10. |
Timpul viitor continuu (Future Continuous Tense) |
O actiune care va fi in curs de desfasurare intr-un moment bine definit din viitor. |
S+shall/will+be+Ving |
This time next week I will be visiting |
Indicativ -viitor |
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a) |
forma interogativa (interrogative) |
O intrebare |
Shall/will+S+be+Ving? |
Will you be working tomorrow afternoon? | |
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b) |
forma negativa (negative) |
O propozitie negativa |
S+shall/will+not+be+ Ving |
Tom will not be traveling much this year. | |
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11. |
Viitorul Apropiat (Near Future) |
a.A avea de gand sa, a fi pe punctual de a b.A urma sa(actiune planificata dinainte) c.Date, orare, actiuni certe d.Actiune ce urmeaza sa fie in curs de desfasurare in curand |
a.to be going to + V c.prezent simplu d.prezent continuu |
a.They are going to study History. b.What are we to visit tomorrow? c.the plane leaves at 7:30 d.We are
visiting | |
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12. |
Timpul viitor perfect (Future perfect tense) |
O actiune viitoare desfasuata inaintea unei actiuni tot din viitor. |
S+shall/will+have+Ved/III |
They will have eaten everything on the table by the time we get there. |
Indicativ - viitor anterior, viitor, prezent |
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13. |
Timpul viitor perfect continuu (Future perfect continuous tense) |
O actiune care va fi in curs de desfasurare inaintea unui alt moment din viitor. |
S+shall/will+have+bee+Ving |
Don't come till 10 tomorrow morning; mother will have been cooking by then. |
Indicativ - viitor sau prezent |
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14. |
Timpul viitor anterior (Future in the past) |
Este folosit pentru a exprima o idée de viitor intr-o propozitie secundar atunci cand predicatul propozitiei principale este la un timp trecut. |
Would+V |
We all agreed that we would never visit them again. |
Indicativ - viitor |
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15. |
MODUL SUBJONCTIV (The Subjonctive Mood) |
O actiune ireal dar realizabila. |
a.infinitiv present(V) b.forma identical cu Past Tense (vb to be are forma were la toate persoanele) c.forma identical cu Past Perfect |
The important thing is that he take part in the discussion. I wish he came sooner. If he were me, he wouldn't make such a mistake. He wished he hadn't been such a fool. If he had been there we could have helped you. |
Modul conjunctiv Modul conditional Modul conjunctiv perfect sau conditional perfect |
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16. |
Subjonctiv analitic - constructii echivalente cu subjonctivul |
a.shall/should+V; may/might+V; would/could+V |
It is important that everybody should be here/could answer the questions. I wish you would come sooner. Hurry up, lest we should miss the buss. |
Modul conjunctiv prezent |
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It was strage that he should have behaved like that/could have made such a mistake. |
Modul subjonctiv perfect |
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17. |
Modul Conditional (The Conditional Mood) |
O conditie sau o actiune dorita (realizata cu o anumita conditie) |
a.conditional present: should / would+V b.conditional perfect: should / would + have + Ved/III |
They would leave now. He would have called you sooner if you had given him the address. |
Modul conditional present Modul conditional perfect |
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18. |
Modul imperativ (The imperative Mood) |
Un ordin, un indemn, o urare, un sfat |
a.let+DO+V(pers I si III) b.V(pers a II a) |
Let Tom sing! Let them dance! Go home! Come here! |
Modul imperativ |
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forma negativa |
O interdictie, un sfat, un indemn |
a.Don't+let+DO+V! b.Don't+V |
Don't let Mary go! Don't be rude! | ||
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19. |
Modul infinitiv present (The Infinitive Mood) |
Denumeste actiunea sau starea exprimata de verb |
a.infin.scurt=V b,infin lung=to+V |
go, come, see to go, to come, to see |
Modul infinitiv prezent |
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20. |
Modul Infinitiv Perfect (Perfect Infinitive) |
Actiunea exprimata de el este antrioara celei exprimata de verbul din fata lui |
To have+V ed/III |
I didn't expect to have been spoken to like that! |
Modul infinitiv perfect |
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21. |
Constructia acuzativ cu infinitiv (Accusative+Infinitive) |
Constructie tradusa prin ca.sa; ca+V la prezent, gerunziu sau subjonctiv (conjunctiv) |
He made her cry. I expect him to come soon. We know him to be clever. |
(ca).sa.. ca +prezent,gerunziu |
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22. |
Constructia nominativ cu acuzativ (Nominative+ Infinitive) |
Constructie inrudita cu cea de sus cu exceptia ca predicatul propozitiei este la diateza pasiva |
She was made to cry. Mary is heard to play the piano very well. | ||
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23. |
Modul participiu (The Participle Mood) a. Participiul present (Present Participle) |
Este identic in forma cu gerunziul, diferenta constand in folosirea lui (impreuna cu verbul to be formeaza aspectul continuu,inlocuieste o intreaga propozitie,are functie de adjectiv sau adverb, urmeaza dupa o conjunctie) |
a.V-ing(diateza activa) b.being+V-ed/III(diateza pasiva) |
We are reading now. They sat down laughing. | |
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b. Participiul Perfect (Perfect Participle) |
Arata o actiune anterioara celei exprimata de predicatul propozitiei in care se afla. |
a.diateza activa+having+V-ed/III b.diateza pasiva+having+been+V-ed/III |
Having finished the job they all went to bed. Having been told to go home, John began to shout. |
Intrucat.... Intrucat/Dupa ce.... |
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c. Participiul Trecut (Past Participle) |
Corespunde participiului din limba romana, este folosit ca adjectiv, intra in compunered timpurilor perfecte si a diatezei passive. |
Vb. regulate: V-ed Vb.nereg.: forma a-III-a |
They have just been there. He was called by his mother. Translate the underlined words. |
Modul participiu |
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24. |
Constructia acuzativ cu participiu (Accusative+Participle) |
Spre deosebire de constructia 'acuzativ cu infinitiv'aceasta arata ca actiunea este inca in cues de desfasurare |
S+predicat (diateza activa)+DO+Ving |
They hear Mary playing the piano now. |
Gerunziu |
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25. |
Constructia nominativ cu participiu (Nominative+Participle) |
Exprima aceeasi idée de actiune in curs de desfasurare ca mai sus, dar predicatul propozitiei este la diateza pasiva |
S+predicat (diateza pasiva)+V-ing |
Mary is heard playing the piano now. |
Gerunziu |
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26. |
Constructia nominativ absolut |
Verbul la participiu are propriul sau subiect, independent de predicatul propozitiei in care se afla |
S+V-ing,. |
Everybody having sat down, the actors began to play. Weather permitting, we leave the town by plane. |
Intrucat... Daca.. Dat fiindca. |
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27. |
Constructia participiu absolut |
Subiectul participiului present lipseste |
Strictly speaking, you are right. All things considered we can draw a conclusion. |
Strict vorbind... Tinand cont de acestea. |
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28. |
Gerunziul (The Gerund) |
Este verb cu valoare de substantiv, deci este de cele mai multe ori insotit de un determinant substantival (articol, atribut) dar are si caracteristici de verb (are diateza, subiect, complement);poate fi folosit si ca adjectiv;urmeaza dupa o prepozitie, dupa anumite verbe si constructii. |
V + ing |
His coming here was unexpected. These beautiful writings belong to Tom. I feel like drinking a coffee. We depend on their coming on time. I cannot help laughing. A sleeping-car (vagon de dormit) |
Substantiv (verbal) Supin Subjonctiv etc |
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