ALTE DOCUMENTE
|
|
COMENZI UZUALE īn LINUX
man [-k] [section] keyword
Sectiuni: 1. Executable or shell commands
2. System calls
3. Library calls
4. File formats
5. Games
6. Miscellaneous informations
7. Maintenance commands
LUCRUL CU DIRECTOARELE
mkdir [-p] numedirector CREAZĂ DIRECTOR
cd numedirector SCHIMBĂ DIRECTORUL CURENT
cd .. DIRECTOR PĂRINTE
cd / DIRECTOR RADACINĂ
cd ~ DIRECTORUL HOME
cd DIRECTORUL HOME
CREAREA FISIERELOR
Cu un editor de text: vi sau pico sau emacs .
Comanda touch creeaza fisiere goale
touch numefisier(e)
Prin rularea diferitelor aplicatii
pico numefisier
LUCRUL CU FIsIERELE
cat fisier [>] [fisier destinatie]
Combina fisiere
Afiseaza continutul unui fisier
more sau less numefisier
Afiseaza continutul fisierului (pagina cu pagina)
cmp [-l] fisier1 fisier2
Compara doua fisiere
-l afiseaza nr. byte-ului diferit si valorile bytes diferiti
LUCRUL CU FIsIERELE
cp [-R] fisiersursa fisierdestinatie
Copiaza fisierul sursa in locul destinatie
-R recursiv
mv fisiersursa fisiertinta
Muta un fisier
LUCRUL CU FIsIERELE
rm [-Rif] numefisier
sterge fisierul 19219v2113t
-r īntregul continut
-i proces interactiv
-f proces fortat
pwd
Afiseaza locul din structura de fisiere īn care ne aflam īn acel moment
LUCRUL CU FIsIERELE
file numefisier
Afiseaza tipul fisierului
find cale [-type fdl]
Cauta īn calea specificata tipul specificat: f pentru fisier
d pentru director
l pentru legatura
ALTE COMENZI UTILE
locate keyword (locate -u)
Descopera caile la care se afla fisierele ce contin keyword
stat numefisier
Statistici despre fisier
ls [-laR] numedirector
Afiseaza continutul directorului
-l lista lunga, detaliata
-a inclusiv fisierele ascunse
-R inclusiv continutul subdirectoarelor (Recursiv)
ALTE COMENZI UTILE
wc [-lwc] numefisier
Numara intr-un fisier: liniile (-l), cuvintele (-w),
caracterele (-c)
Fara optiuni: toate rezultatele cautarii
clear
Curata ecranul
ALTE COMENZI UTILE
mount -t [fs] /dev/sursa /mnt/destinatie
Monteaza CDROM, FLOPPY, alte partitii
fs poate fi: vfat- Win 9x, ntfs- Win 2k, ext2- Linux
iso9660- CDROM
sursa: /dev/cdrom, /dev/fd0, /dev/hda*, /dev/hdb*
destinatie: /mnt/cdrom, /mnt/floppy
umount -t [fs] /dev/sursa /mnt/destinatie
Demonteaza
ALTE COMENZI UTILE
useradd [-a] numeutilizator
Adauga un nou utilizator
Din root
userdel [-a] numeutilizator
sterge un utilizator
passwd
Modifica parola
who sau finger
Informatii despre toti utilizatorii log-ati īn sistem
ĪNCHIDEREA/REPORNIREA CALCULATORULUI
shutdown -h now
shutdown +minute
shutdown -r now
halt
reboot
METACARACTERELE
comenzi multiple pe aceeasi linie
īnlocuieste un sir de caractere
īnlocuieste un caracter
potriveste o categorie de caractere pe un loc
< > >> redirecteaza intrari respectiv iesiri
Table 56.1. Linux header files in /usr/src/linux/include/linux.
File |
Description |
a.out.h |
Generated for the GNU C compilers. |
atalk.h |
Appletalk network structures and definitions. |
autoconf.h |
Automatically generated C config file. Don't edit it! |
ax25.h |
Definitions for the AX.25 protocol. |
aztcd.h |
Definitions for a AztechCD268 CD-ROM interface. |
binfmts.h |
Binary formats for the files. |
bios32.h |
BIOS32, PCI BIOS functions and defines. |
blkdev.h |
Block device information. |
busmouse.h |
Header file for Logitech Bus Mouse driver. |
cdrom.h |
General header for all CD-ROM drives. |
cdu31a.h |
Definitions for a Sony interface CD-ROM drive. |
cm206.h |
Definitions for a CM206 CD-ROM drive and adapter. |
coff.h |
The COFF file format definitions. |
config.h |
Linux kernel configuration header. |
ctype.h |
Standard C types header. |
cyclades.h |
For
the |
debugreg.h |
Debug registers header file. |
delay.h |
Delay routines using a precomputed loops_per_second value. |
elf.h |
The Executable and Linking Format (ELF) definitions. |
errno.h |
The standard error return definitions. |
etherdevice.h |
Ethernet device handlers declarations. |
ext2_fs.h |
The new extended file system (e2fs) declarations. |
ext_fs.h |
The ext file system (efs) definitions for older Linux versions. |
fcntl.h |
The standard file control declaration. |
fd.h |
Floppy disk software control definitions. |
fdreg.h |
Definitions for the floppy disk controller. |
fs.h |
Definitions for some important file table structures. |
genhd.h |
Generic hard disk header declarations. |
gscd.h |
Definitions for a GoldStar R420 CD-ROM interface. |
hdreg.h |
Declarations for the AT hard disk controllers. |
head.h |
Headers for Intel Global and Interrupt Descriptor tables. |
hpfs_fs.h |
OS/2 HPFS file system. |
icmp.h |
Definitions for the ICMP protocol. |
if.h |
Definitions for the INET interface module. |
if_arp.h |
Definitions for the ARP (RFC 826) protocol. |
if_ether.h |
Definitions for the Ethernet IEEE 802.3 interface. |
if_fw.h |
Definitions for an IP firewall module. |
if_plip.h |
PLIP tuning facilities for the new Niibe PLIP. |
if_ppp.h |
Constants and structures for use with the PPP module. |
if_slip.h |
Constants for special use with the SLIP/CSLIP/KISS TNC driver. |
igmp.h |
Internet Gateway Management Protocol (IGMP). |
in.h |
Definitions of the Internet Protocol. |
in_systm.h |
Miscellaneous Internetwork definitions for the Linux kernel. |
inet.h |
Internet Protocol headers. |
interrupt.h |
For Linux interrupt drivers. |
ioctl.h |
Standard I/O control definitions. |
ioport.h |
For detecting, reserving, and allocating system resources. |
ip.h |
Definitions for the IP protocol. |
ipc.h |
For interprocess communication. |
ipx.h |
For sockets in network programming. |
iso_fs.h |
The ISO file system headers. |
kd.h |
Kernel development declarations. |
kernel.h |
Kernel header file declarations. |
kernel_stat.h |
More kernel statistics header file declarations. |
keyboard.h |
Declaration for using the keyboard. |
ldt.h |
Definitions for use with Local Descriptor Tables. |
limits.h |
Limits for the kernel to use. |
linkage.h |
Linking declarations for the kernel. |
locks.h |
File locking definitions. |
lp.h |
Line printer support header. |
major.h |
Major device number header. |
malloc.h |
Standard memory management function header. |
math_emu.h |
Math emulation declarations. |
mc146818rtc.h |
Register definitions for RealTime Clock and CMOS RAM. |
mcd.h |
Definitions for a Mitsumi CD-ROM interface. |
mcdx.h |
Definitions for the Mitsumi CD-ROM interface. |
minix.h |
The minix file system constants/structures. |
mm.h |
Memory manager for kernel. |
mman.h |
Memory mapping definitions. |
module.h |
For use with dynamic loading of modules into the kernel. |
mouse.h |
For use with serial mouse. |
msdos_fs.h |
The MS-DOS file system constants/structures. |
msg.h |
For message processing in Linux IPC. |
mtio.h |
Definitions for magnetic tape I/O functions. |
net.h |
Implementation file for the networking portion of the Linux kernel. |
optcd.h |
Definitions for the Optics Storage 8000AT CD-ROM drive. |
param.h |
Internal Linux parameters header. |
pci.h |
PCI bus defines and function prototypes. |
personality.h |
Linux file personality declarations. |
pipe_fs_i.h |
For use with Linux file pipes. |
ppp.h |
For use with Point-to-Point Protocol with Linux. |
proc_fs.h |
The proc file system constants/structures. |
ptrace.h |
Defines to help the user use the ptrace system call. |
resource.h |
Resource control/accounting header file for Linux. |
route.h |
Global definitions for the IP router interface. |
sbpcd.h |
For Panasonic CD-ROM drives. |
sched.h |
The Linux task scheduler. |
scsicam.h |
SCSI CAM support functions, use for HDIO_GETGEO, and so on. |
sem.h |
For use with semaphores on Linux. |
serial.h |
Linux serial I/O definitions. |
serial_reg.h |
For the UART port assignments. |
shm.h |
For shared memory use on Linux. |
signal.h |
For Linux signal information. |
sjcd.h |
Definitions for a Sanyo CD-ROM drive. |
skbuff.h |
Definitions for the struct sk_buff memory handlers. |
socket.h |
More declarations of the socket-level I/O control calls. |
sockios.h |
More declarations of the socket-level I/O control calls. |
sonycd535.h |
Defines all of the commands for the CD-ROMs by Sony (CDU-531-5). |
soundcard.h |
For interfacing with soundcards. |
stat.h |
Standard C and UNIX definitions. |
stddef.h |
Standard C definitions. |
string.h |
String functions declarations for C programmers. |
symtab_begin.h |
Symbol table entries. |
symtab_end.h |
Symbol table entries. |
sys.h |
System call entry points. |
sysv_fs.h |
The SystemV/Coherent file system definitions. |
tasks.h |
For specifying the maximum number of tasks at one time in Linux. |
tcp.h |
Definitions for the TCP protocol. |
termios.h |
Terminal I/O declarations. |
time.h |
Standard declarations for use with timers. |
timer.h |
Do not modify this timer declarations file. |
times.h |
For use with Linux kernel timers. |
timex.h |
For TIMEX devices. |
tpqic02.h |
include file for the QIC-02 driver for Linux. |
tqueue.h |
The task queue handling information for Linux. |
tty.h |
Defines some structures used by tty_io.c |
tty_driver.h |
Defines interface between low-level tty driver and its routines. |
types.h |
Standard Linux variable type definitions. |
udp.h |
Definitions for the UDP protocol. |
ultrasound.h |
For Ultrasound CD-ROM devices. |
umsdos_fs.h |
The UMSDOS file system header. |
un.h |
Linux header for socket programming. |
unistd.h |
Standard UNIX file header. |
user.h |
For use with core dumps and user segments. |
utime.h |
Time information. |
utsname.h |
Time information and structures. |
version.h |
Linux version information. |
vfs.h |
Virtual file system headers. |
vm86.h |
Virtual memory management routines. |
vt.h |
For use with virtual terminals. |
xd.h |
Definitions for the I/O ports, and so forth, for XT hard disk contollers. |
modules/ |
Contains the file ksyms.ver, a symbol version table generated by genksyms |
|